Sleep disorders in childhood (original) (raw)
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Applied Clinical Psychology, 1990
Approximately 25% of all children experience some type of sleep problem at some point during childhood, ranging from short-term difficulties in falling asleep and night wakings, to more serious primary sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea. A number of studies have examined the prevalence of parent-and child-reported sleep complaints in large samples of healthy, typically developing children and adolescents; many of these have also further delineated the association between disrupted sleep and behavioral concerns. Sleep problems are even more prevalent in children and adolescents with chronic medical, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric conditions. It is important to note that definitions of normal sleep patterns, sleep requirements, and sleep disorders in childhood must necessarily incorporate the wide range of normal developmental and physical maturational changes across childhood and adolescence, and cultural, environmental, and social influences. Normal sleep patterns and behavior in childhood To define abnormal, problematic, or insufficient sleep in infants, children, and adolescents, it is important to have an understanding of what constitutes ''normal'' sleep in children. Definitions of normal sleep patterns and sleep requirements in childhood, and descriptions of sleep phenotypes, must necessarily incorporate the wide range of normal developmental and physical maturational changes across childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, cultural, environmental, and social influences, which profoundly influence children's sleep in particular, must also be considered.
Childhood sleep disorders: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches
Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2002
Pediatric sleep physiology begins with development of the sleep/wake cycle, and the origins of active versus quiet sleep. The 24-hour circadian cycle becomes established at 3 to 6 months. Sleep disorders are rationally approached in pediatrics as age-related. Disorders during infancy commonly include mild, usually self-limited conditions such as sleep-onset association disorder, excessive nighttime feedings, and poor limit-setting. These require behavioral management to avoid long-term deleterious sleep habits. In contrast, other sleep disorders are more ominous, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), central congenital hypoventilation syndrome, and sleep apnea. Childhood is generally the golden age of sleep, with brief latency, high efficiency, and easy awakening. Parasomnias, sometimes stage specific, are manifest here. Adolescents have sleep requirements similar to preteens, posing a challenge for them to adapt to school schedules and lifestyles. Narcolepsy, usually diagn...
Sleep Disorders in Childhood Neurological Diseases
Children, 2017
Sleep problems are frequently addressed as a primary or secondary concern during the visit to the pediatric neurology clinic. Sleep disorders can mimic other neurologic diseases (e.g., epilepsy and movement disorders), and this adds challenges to the diagnostic process. Sleep disorders can significantly affect the quality of life and functionality of children in general and those with comorbid neurological diseases in particular. Understanding the pathophysiology of sleep disorders, recognizing the implications of sleep disorder in children with neurologic diseases and behavioral difficulties, and early intervention continue to evolve resulting in better neurocognitive outcomes.
Are children just small adults? The differences between paediatric and adult sleep medicine
Internal Medicine Journal, 2008
Several important physiological and maturational changes occur in sleep development during the paediatric age range, particularly during infancy and in early childhood. As the pathology of sleep apnoea is superimposed onto a developing and often plastic physiological system, children often show a different pathophysiology to their adult counterparts. These factors need to be incorporated into the evaluation of a child's sleep problems. Particular attention should be paid to the developmental stage of the child. Investigation, interpretation and subsequent management provide further unique challenges and during successive reviews predicted normal changes must also be taken into account. This review article discusses the important physiological and maturational changes that occur in sleep during childhood, some common paediatric sleep conditions and their presentation and the appropriate evaluation and management of these conditions. In the course of the discussion, we have stressed important differences between paediatric and adult sleep medicine.
The Scope of Paediatric Sleep Medicine
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
Despite apparent similarities to adult sleep medicine, the disorders of paediatric sleep medicine have a distinct epidemiology and pathophysiology. During childhood, the physiology of sleep develops and matures, resulting in changing patterns of normal behaviours and of sleep disorders. Through a fictional case scenario, this article aims to convey the range and complexity of disorders that may be encountered and the various investigations and treatments available to the paediatric sleep physician. Key words: Child, Circadian rhythm, Neuromuscular diseases, Obstructive sleep apnoea, Restless leg syndrome
Sleep Disorder-The Disease of the Modern World Literature Review
Introduction: sleep is a behavioural state of perceptual freedom while being unavailable for the environment, accompanied by characteristic electroencephalographic changes, having the rapidly reversible potential to the state of vigilance (Zepelin, 1987). Short and long-term sleep disorders that are present in childhood may be the cause of many diseases. Aim: the aim of this study was to analyse the international literature and the presentation of the latest information on sleep disorders in children. Material and methods. this study is a compilation of data resulted after the review of the international specialty literature. The used bibliography comprises current studies that have been published recently in international journals. Results: although sleep-related complaints, poor quality and quantity of sleep affect most children, this is still an underdiagnosed problem. Sleep disorders listed previously, under the subtitle classification, can be considered the basis of sleep compl...
Pediatric Sleep Disorders: Exploratory Modulation of Their Relationships
Sleep, 2004
Study Objectives: This study explores relationships between clinically encountered sleep problems in children. Design: The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) (Bruni et al 1996), which screens 26 sleep problems and results in 6 sleep disordersubscales, was used as core in a larger health-behavior questionnaire (HBQ). Participants: Caregivers of 3045 6-to 12-year-olds filled out the HBQ. Interventions: N/A Measurements and Results: 21 SDSC-items plus 15 new sleep items were selected. Via structural equation modelling we explored (1) relations within and between disorder-subscales, (2) relations between the disorder-subscales with 3 indexes added (i.e., sleep efficiency index, sleep environment index, and sleep enuresis) and (3) relations of the disorder-subscales to their categorization: dyssomnia and parasomnia, without and with the indexes. Conclusions: The final model had a satisfying fit and approximates the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers' classification. Each disorder-subscale can be applied individually. However, some items are statistically of low value. For that reason, the use as the inference of relations between such items should be cautious. Adding the 3 indexes improved the fit of the model. The complexity of 'sleep enuresis' was especially revealed. For the practicing care provider, as for researchers, the statistical model proposed could be a valuable directive in the diagnostic classification process of pediatric sleep problems.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in children of a public hospital in São Paulo
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2010
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders in a sample of children from a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: 330 children, who came to the clinical laboratory, were consecutively investigated for sleep disorders, using the sleep disturbance scale for children. Gender, age, and social/economical classification were considered. RESULTS: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) showed higher prevalence in our sample (55%) than in data found in the literature. Prevalence of sleep hyperhydrosis (SHY) was 27% considering the whole sample. Boys and children in age range 7.1 to 11 years old showed higher prevalence for SDB as well as children belonging to lower social/economic classifications who were also more prevalent for disorders in the transition of sleep-wakefulness. CONCLUSION: Sleep disorders were highly prevailing in our study, mostly SDB and SHY which were exceedingly more prevalent in boys in relation to international literature.