Kanizsa egyházi topográfiája a késő középkorban és a kora újkorban [Ecclesiastical Topography of Kanizsa during the Late Medieval and Early Modern Period] (original) (raw)
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Századok, 2010
A do mon kos ren det ha gyo má nyo san -és egyéb ként he lye sen -a kol duló ren dek kö zött szo kás szá mon tar ta ni. A késõ kö zép kor ban azon ban a rend arcu la ta je len tõ sen meg vál to zott. A vál to zá sok elõ ször és el sõ sor ban a nyu gat-és dél-eu ró pai rend há za kat érin tet ték, de fo ko za to san át ter jed tek Kö zép-Eu ró pára is. A késõ kö zép kor ban nem csak a ren di re for mok és a do mon kos obszervancia meg je le né se fi gyel he tõ meg, ha nem a ren di gaz dál ko dás át ala ku lá sa is: a ko ráb bi idõ szak ban a do mon kos ko los to rok, ha kap tak is in gat lant ado mány ba, azt kö te le sek vol tak el ad ni és az árát for dít hat ták sa ját cél ja ik ra. 1425-tõl azonban egyes ko los to rok V. Már ton pá pá tól en ge délyt sze rez tek arra, hogy in gat lan bir to ka ik le hes se nek, 1475-ben pe dig IV. Sixtus pápa ezt az en ge délyt az egész rend re ki ter jesz tet te, egyúttal megszüntetve a rend kolduló jellegét. 1 A dön tés hát te ré ben a gaz da ság át ala ku lá sa állt. A rend ala pí tó Szent Domon kos szán dé ka egy moz gé kony, a lel ki pász tor ko dás ban és a misszi ó ban ha tékony kö zös ség lét re ho zá sa volt. Ez zel a cél ki tû zés sel a 13. szá za di -Eu ró pa nagy ré szén alap ve tõ en még na tu rá lis -gaz dál ko dás nem volt össze egyez tethe tõ. Emel lett per sze más szem pont ok, mint pél dá ul a sze gény ség kö zös sé gi értel me zé se, is fon tos sze re pet ját szot tak. A 15. szá zad ra azon ban a vi szo nyok gyö ke re sen meg vál toz tak. Eu ró pa nyu ga ti fe lén a fe ke te ha lál és a száz éves hábo rú pusz tí tá sai je len tõs né pes ség csök ke nést és a föld bir tok okon ko moly munka erõ hi ányt okoz tak. A bir to kok új faj ta hasz no sí tá sa, a bér be adás el ter je dé se egy ben azt is je len tet te, hogy a föld bir to kos már nem fog lal ko zott fel tét le nül a bir tok igaz ga tás napi te en dõ i vel. Ehe lyett a bér lõ tõl a szer zõ dés ben ki kö tött napon meg kap ta a ki al ku dott össze get, va gyis sta bil, ki szá mít ha tó, a ter més in gado zá sá tól füg get len jö ve de lem hez ju tott. Ez a bir tok hasz no sí tás a do mon kos rend szá má ra is új le he tõ sé ge ket kí nált. En nek kö vet kez mé nye az 1475. évi pápai en ge dély. A le he tõ ség ugyan ak kor nem fel tét le nül je len ti azt, hogy min den rend tar to mány ban és min den rend ház ban egy for mán él tek is vele, az azon ban, hogy hol és milyen mértékben, milyen összetételben tûntek fel birtokok a domon ko sok kezén, nemcsak Magyarországon igényel további kutatást. 2 1 A pá pai bul la 1475. jú ni us 1-jén kelt, l. P. Daniel Antonin Mortier OP: Histoire des maîtres généraux de l'Ordre des Frères Prêcheurs IV. 1400 -1486 . Pa ris 1909 Bár az ál ta lá nos rend tör té ne tek ben ter mé sze te sen meg em lí tik az in gat la nok bir tok lá sát enge dé lye zõ pá pai bul lá kat, a szak iro da lom azon ban ez zel a kér dés sel rész le te i ben nem igen fog lal kozott ed dig. Ada tok a ko los to rok bir to ka it il le tõ en az egyes há zak tör té ne té ben ta lál ha tók, ezek összefog la ló ér té ke lé se azon ban még nem ké szült el. A kol du ló ren dek nek a gaz da ság ról val lott kö zép ko ri né ze te it fog lal ta össze Mar cin Bukala: Mendicant Friars and the Development of Medieval Notions
A Munkácsi Eparchia 1775-ben készített sematizmusa - Schematizmus Mukačevskej diecézy z roku 1775
A Munkácsi Eparchia 1775-ben készített sematizmusa - Schematizmus Mukačevskej diecézy z roku 1775, 2022
Unionism presents a unique form of recatholization represented by the Hungarian residents of the Greek rite. Significant support in the history of recatholization of the northeastern region of Hungary is provided by the clergy after the oath of loyalty from the year 1646. The history of this local parish exhibits how the ceremonial entity gradually started to dictate the trend in the evolution of the catholic church, culminating in the independent diocese of the Greek rite in Hungary. The first part is focusing on the time period from the year 1608 until the period of the erigation of the Mukachevo eparchy. It is a period of religious conflicts which furthermore impacted the development of the Greek rite in Hungary and the following consolidation of the relations in the 18th century. In the first decades of the 17th century, some presbyters entered a personal union with the Catholic church, which in turn caused a gradual convergence and creation of stronger ties amongst the two rites. Initially, this happened via the oath of loyalty in Krásny Brod (1612), later repeated, without the knowledge of the first one, in Uzhorod (1646). The difference between these two were the reasons for their existence - while the first oath was the result of a constantly strengthening recatholization, the second one reacted to the calvinization of the Greek rite. Subsequently, the Uniates underwent a consolidation evolution and due to the sufficient number of presbyters managed to be the support of the Catholic church in the 18th century. The disagreements between the bishop in Jager and the vicar in Mukachevo caused tension which was ended by the separation and (re-)erigation of the Mukachevo diocese. The following parts look at the information about the liturgical calendar and its growth in the 18th century. Schematism and the liturgical calendar are as interconnected today as they were in the past. That is the reason for the presence of the growth of schematism in the Mukachevo diocese as well as the problematic of the schematism of other Hungarian dioceses. These areas create a yet unmapped part of the history of Greco Catholics in Hungary and the problematic of schematism appears promising for further research. Since the book is containing a diplomatic transcript of schematism from the year 1775, there is also a chapter comprised of the internal and external criticism of the source. This information serves as an aid for the reader to navigate the source and understand the included context. The last part is composed of appendices. Amongst the appendices, there is a transcript of a schematism from the year 1775, which is the first schematism of the erigated diocese, as well as the chosen sources complementing the conceptually preceding chapters.
A Mesteri–intapusztai Árpád-kori temető gyöngyeinek archeometriai vizsgálata I
2020
The Árpádian Age cemetery at Mesteri-Intapuszta comprised 318 (excavated) graves. Beads were documented in 16 graves. This study is centred on the study of geochemical investigation of some of these beads. The find circumstances of beads, strings of beads is presented in situ on the basis of excavation documentation; moreover, the other grave goods for some of these graves. On the basis of the map of the cemetery we think that the use of glass beads was common during the whole period of the usage of the cemetery, i.e. the early phase of the Árpádian Age, besides silver jewellery that served as the other typical find in the graves of the wealthy deceased. Strings of beads were typically given to children (Inf. I, i.e. between 0-7 years) till mature adult age (<39 years). Archaeometrical studies were induced by the frequency and variability of the beads, performed in several steps. The paper presents the electron microprobe results on 10 glass beads with a historical interpretation of the data
Archeometriai műhely, 2024
The Roman fortress of Keszthely-Fenékpuszta, built in the 4 th century AD, was located at the western edge of Lake Balaton on a peninsula bordered by open water and marshy peat bogs. The well-protected fortification played a significant infrastructural role, due to the fact that the lake could be crossed here along a main northsouth road of Pannonia. Archaeological excavations started in 2009 had the primary goal to clarify the location, floor plan and dating of individual buildings (nos. 24, 25 and 27). Based on petrographic, geochemical, and engineering geological investigations of mortars used in the constructions, we were able to gain insight into the possibilities of answering certain archaeological questions with geoarchaeometric methods. Mortar samples were systematically collected from the different locations representing the functions and construction phases. Based on the archaeological research three chronological groups (I.-III: end of 3 rd c. to early 7 th c. AD) were distinguished; two of them belong to the late Roman Period (I.-II.) and one (III.) to the Migration Period. The aggregates of the mortars were analyzed by polarized light microscopy and thermoanalytical method. The chemical examination of the binder was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, water absorption, density and compressive strength of the mortars were also determined. Based on the results, we can conclude that the mortars of all three periods are of air lime nature containing Mg and Si impurities and both the binders and additives were produced using local raw materials rich in dolomite components. The higher compressive strength values of the mortars of the 3 rd period (late 5 th to early 7 th c. AD) are probably due to the slightly different composition of the binder, or they can also be explained by the static role of the selected pillars. Kivonat A 4. században Keszthely-Fenékpusztán épült római erőd a Balaton nyugati végén, nyíltvíz és mocsaras tőzeglápok által határolt félszigeten feküdt. A különlegesen jól védett építménynek jelentős infrastrukturális szerepe volt, ugyanis itt lehetett átkelni a Balatonon a Pannoniát észak-déli irányban átszelő főút mentén. A 2009-ben kezdődött régészeti feltárások elsődleges célja az egyes épületek (24-es, 25-ös, 27-es) fekvésének, alaprajzának és keltezésének pontosítása volt. A vizsgált épületeknél használt habarcsok petrográfiai, geokémiai