Gender Inequality And Its Impact On Economy – A Case Study Muslim Countries (original) (raw)

Women's Role in Economic Development in Predominantly Muslim Countries

2012

We discuss the role of women in the development of predominantly Muslim countries, with reference to economics from several perspectives: First, we study the interrelations between certain characteristics of a society and its level of development. There, we proffer the education of girls as the strongest support for development. Secondly, we elaborate on the opportunities/choices women gain with education in the future. Thirdly, we explore the externalities of education to all members of a society by presenting empirical evidence connecting the economic status of an individual to his/her parents’ education. This establishes the link between the theory and observation to represent the benefit of women’s education on social welfare. Finally, we dispel an economic fallacy which underrates the unmeasured household production. Since women are main generators of such activity; their economic contribution goes largely unreported.

Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth in the Arab Region

2017

This study examines empirically the influence of gender inequality on the economic growth across Arab region. The data sample includes 19 countries for the period from 1990 to 2014. The model is estimated using Pooled OLS and Fixed Effect techniques. Interestingly, findings show that there is no evidence of both gender inequality in education and gender inequality in labor force to hinder economic growth across Arab region. In fact, the findings of this study show that the main factors driving the economic growth across the Arab region are capital accumulation as well as population growth.

N A H L A YA S S I N E -H A M DA N Gender Inequality in the Arab World A Comparative Perspective

Gender Inequality in the aArab world: A Comparative Perspective, 2020

According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), gender inequality is the loss in potential human development that occurs due to differences between the genders in achievements with respect to health, empowerment, and labor market participation. These differences in achievements typically favor men. Gender inequality is especially visible in the Arab world. We compare gender inequality in Arab countries with that in non-Arab countries, especially developed countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We argue that cross-national differences in gender inequality reflect cross-national differences in patriarchy, in particular differences in how men use their power over women to limit their agency or ability to make decisions for themselves. We set out a causal model to account for cross-national variations in gender inequality. Direct causes include fertility rate, per capita income, polygamy, OECD country, and corruption. Gender inequality in Arab countries is highly variable due to large differences in per capita income and is elevated because of polygamy and corruption. Arab countries can enact policies that would reduce gender inequality, especially improvements to women's secondary and higher education. We analyze gender inequality in the Arab world and address the following questions: Is gender inequality greater in Arab countries? Among countries in the world generally, what differences in patriarchal practices contribute to differences in gender inequality? Where are Arab countries found with respect to such practices? What policies in Arab countries would reduce gender inequality? Our focus is upon cross-national differences in gender inequality, not upon differences in gender inequality within societies.

Mecca or oil? Why Arab states lag in gender equality

Synopsis: Why do Arab states continue to lag behind the rest of the world in gender equality? Cultural values and structural resources offer two alternative perspectives. Drawing upon Inglehart's modernization theory, cultural accounts emphasize that disparities are reinforced by the predominance of traditional attitudes towards the roles of women and men in developing societies, combined with the strength of religiosity in the Middle East and North Africa (Inglehart and Norris 2003, Norris and Inglehart 2004).

EFFECT OF GENDER INEQUALITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH (Case of Pakistan)

This paper has been discussed the differences in education and labor force participation rate between male and female in Pakistan. The importance of education and employment opportunities for women in Pakistan is briefly explained. Four independent variables are used, i.e. LFPM (labor force participation rate of male age 15+), LFPF (labor force participation rate of female age 15+), GPI (gender parity index) and OP (openness of trade, exports and imports). The dependent variable is GDP growth and for the Relationship between Gender Inequality and Economic Growth time series secondary data from period 1980-2009 is used. The affect of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth is found through multiple linear regression. All the results and estimations are analyzed in chapter four, which shows a positive relationship between economic growth and gender equality in education and employment. All the independent variables has a positive impact on GDP growth which means that if the gender inequality is reduced than there will be increase in GDP growth of Pakistan in long run.

Political Economy of Gender Equality : Case Study of Pakistan

2014

In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the impact of socio political and economic factors on gender equality in education and employment in Pakistan during 1980 to 2012.An ARDL bond test approach employed to see the long run relationship between the variables but Wald test f statistics left the inconclusive results. Finally, The OLS estimation has been done for the empirical analysis, which found that Urbanization, Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment jointly with better law and order situation have positive influence while , remittances, have negative affect on the status of women in Pakistan, This suggests that economic and political factors jointly affect the status of women in Pakistan. The study also found that improving the level of gender equality in education and employment would lead toward economic growth.