Concurrent and Post COVID-19 Ophthalmological Implications (original) (raw)

Ocular Manifestations of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Upper Egypt Early Report

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular manifestations of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: A retrospective, comparative study included 100 patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and 100 controls who were recruited by stratified randomization from hospital registration system and analyzed regarding history, full ophthalmological examination, general examination including internal medicine and neurological evaluation. Laboratory tests were done. Results: Mean±SD of age were 55.5 ± 6.2 in COVID group vs 56.5 ± 5.8 in control group; P value = 0.7. In COVID group, 57 patients (57%) were males vs 51 patients (51%) in control group (P value = 0.39), the other compared parameters including history and risk factors showed non-significant difference except for ESR and D-dimer which were elevated in COVID group. In COVID group, 5 patients (5%) were having retinal vascular occlusion, 2 patients (2%) were having anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AION, 3 patients (3%) were having uveitis and 2 patients (2%) were having central serous chorioretinopathy CSCR. While in control group, 2 patients (2%) were having retinal vascular occlusion, and none had AION, uveitis or CSCR (P value = 0.006). Conclusion: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome could affect the eyes in the form of coagulation problems, neurological morbidities, and other manifestations. This necessitates meticulous follow-up of recovered patients from COVID-19.

COVID-19 and the eye: a review

COVID-19 and the eye: a review , 2021

ABSTRACT Background: To provide a review for general practitioners and medical specialists about the most common eye complaints and ocular manifestations in a COVID-19 patient. Methods: Reviewed 50 articles referenced in 4 databases from 20 December 2019 to 16 September 2020. Results: Of the 50 articles reviewed, 26 met the criteria for analysis and were included in the study. Among them were 5 reviews, 6 case series, 7 case reports, 4 cross-sectional studies, 2 systematic reviews, 1 cohort study and 1 correspondence. We found that the prevalence of ocular manifestations in patients during the course of COVID-19 varied between 0.8% and 31.6%, depending on the study design. Symptoms of acute conjunctivitis were the most frequent clinical findings. Acute phase reactants were also correlated to ocular manifestations and the severity of the systemic disease in many reports. Conclusions: Ocular manifestations are not uncommon in COVID-19 patients and have been associated with higher levels of acute phase reactants as well as a higher degree of severity of the systemic disease. We recommend that all physicians consider COVID-19 as a differential diagnosis in the presence of acute conjunctivitis with or without systemic symptoms.

Eye in COVID-19: A Brief Review

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology

This is a brief review covering the currently available literature on ocular manifestations of COVID-19, andprevention strategies for ophthalmologists. A literature search was carried out of Pubmed, Google Scholar andWHO database of publications on COVID. Keywords used in the search were eye, ocular manifestations,ophthalmology, COVID-19, nCoV-2019, and coronavirus disease. All available articles were reviewed and thosepertinent to the study topic were included. Considering the dearth of information available, ophthalmology journals were also searched separately for relevant articles. Major ocular manifestation of COVID reported in literature is red eye, which usually presents before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Since the eye can be a possible transmission route for SARS-CoV-2, infection control measures should be undertaken by ophthalmologists, including use of personal protection equipment and eye/face covering. A framework for structuring ophthalmological services during th...

A study of ophthalmic co-morbidities in mild to moderate cases of COVID- 19 infection

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2022

To study the ophthalmic co-morbidities and post-COVID ophthalmic complications in mild to moderate COVID positive patients. Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire based prospective longitudinal study conducted between August 2020 and December 2020. In the first phase, an ophthalmologist in personal protective equipment (PPE) physically visited the patients and a pre-designed structured questionnaire regarding any ophthalmic complaints was filled and scoring was done later. In the second phase, the patients were telephonically interviewed after 3-6 months of their discharge from the hospital, regarding the development of ocular symptoms for which they needed to consult an ophthalmologist and the treatment taken was noted. Results: 9% of the total 77 patients included in the study reported severe symptoms (scores between 17-24/24). On comparing the mean questionnaire scores (out of 24) it was seen that more severe ophthalmic complaints were seen in patients aged >= 50 years than <50 years (11.35 vs 5.75, p<0.05), moderate category than mild category patients (11.70 vs 3.63, p<0.05), patients with systemic co-morbidities than those who had none (11.48 vs 4.04, p<0.05) and in patients who later needed to consult an ophthalmologist due to development of one or more complications than those who did not.(13.27 vs 6.63, p<0.05). Post-COVID complications were seen in 27 patients (35%). They included progression of pre-existing ocular disease like cataract, glaucoma, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, and new diagnosis of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy and HCQ-related maculopathy. Conclusion: Ocular co-morbidities should be looked for in every COVID patient. Those at higher risk of developing complications, should undergo a detailed ophthalmic examination after they are discharged from the isolation wards. Hospitals need to work on capacity building and/or look for alternatives, like telemedicine, to ensure timely eye care to all patients. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Frequency of Ophthalmological Findings in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Cureus, 2021

Introduction: The symptoms of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) may range from mild to severe. Patients usually present with fever, cough, and other respiratory tract symptoms, but may also be asymptomatic. Some studies have also indicated the ocular involvement by the virus. This study aims to look deeply into all ophthalmic findings seen in COVID-19 patients and their clinical characteristics. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the COVID-19 unit of a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan. Data of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection between July 2020 and March 2021 were included in the study. Ophthalmological examination was done at the time of admission and was repeated every alternate day to look for any ophthalmological manifestation. Results: Out of 441 (n= 441), 61 (13.8%) participants had ophthalmological findings on examination. Patients with ophthalmological findings were significantly younger compared to patients without ophthalmological findings (42 ± 6 years vs. 44 ± 7; p-value, 0.03). C-reactive protein (CRP) was also significantly higher in patients with ophthalmological findings (122.2 ± 16.2 vs. 112.8 ± 19.8; p-value, 0.005). The most common ophthalmological finding was conjunctival irritation (50.8%), followed by diplopia (27.8%) and cotton wool spots (27.8%). Conclusion: Ophthalmological findings are prevalent in patients with COVID-19. In this study, patients with higher CRP levels were associated with ophthalmological findings. It is important to conduct ophthalmological examinations in patients with COVID-19, as they may give a clue about other complications associated with COVID-19.

Ocular findings in patients hospitalized for COVID-19

Türk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi, 2022

Yatırılarak tedavi edilen COVID-19 hastalarında göz bulguları Yasemin Fatma ÇETİNKAYA 1 (ID), Ceren KARAÇAYLI 2 (ID) ÖZET Amaç: Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 hastalığı, sağlık sistemini ciddi anlamda zora sokmuştur. Sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumunun tehlikede olduğu bu dönemde, hastalığın insan vücudunun farklı bölgelerini nasıl etkilediğinin anlaşılması geri planda kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, yatarak tedavi gören COVID-19 hastalarından oküler şikayetleri ve bulguları olan hastaları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: 25 Mart 2020 ile 31 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir hastanede COVID-19 nedeniyle takip ve tedavi edilen 18 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde kesitsel, geriye dönük bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Tüm hastaların elektronik sağlık kayıtları alınarak gözden geçirilmiştir. Ayrıca oküler semptomları olan ve olmayan hastalar arasında prokalsitonin, üre seviyesi ve nötrofil sayısı karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza COVID-19 testi pozitif olan toplam 7,060 hasta dahil edildi. Ortalama hasta yaşı 60,89±16,96 idi. Hastaların %52,8 (n=19)'i kadın, %47,2 (n=17)'si erkekti. Oftalmoloji konsültasyon oranı toplam 36 hasta ile %0.5 idi. Hastaların %47.2 (n=17)'sinde en sık görülen semptom görme değişiklikleri idi. En sık görülen ikinci oküler patoloji kemozdu, bunu konjonktival hiperemi ve göz ABSTRACT Objective: The COVID-19 disease, which has affected the whole world, has seriously challenged the health system. In this period when the delivery of health services is in danger, understanding how the disease affects different parts of the human body has remained in the background. This study was conducted to identify patients with ocular complaints and findings from inpatient COVID-19 patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in individuals aged 18 years and older who were followed up and treated for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital between 25 March 2020 and 31 March 2021. Electronic health records of all patients were reviewed. In adition Procalcitonin, urea, and neutrophil levels were compared between patients with and without ocular symptoms. Results: A total of 7060 patients with positive COVID-19 tests were included in our study. The mean patient age was 60.89±16.96 years. 52.8% (n=19) of the patients were female and 47.2% (n=17) were male. The ophthalmology consultation rate was 0.5% with a total of 36 patients. The most common symptom was visual changes in 47.2% (n=17) of the patients. The second most common ocular pathology was chemosis, followed

COVID-19 and ophthalmology- Challenges and mitigation of disease

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health crisis with an uprising trend of infection and death in the world. Considering the contagious nature and the human to human transmission of the disease, it is utmost important to follow the infection control measures in the ophthalmic practice. The pink eye or conjunctivitis is the associated symptom reported along with the respiratory illness and fever in patients of COVID-19. So the triage policy, using noncontact procedures, understanding the risk factors of the disease, postponement of routine ophthalmic patient’s visit, following respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment (PPE) are some of the measures to keep the infection in control are explained in this article. The surface disinfection, equipment disinfection are also important considering the environmental contamination nature of the disease. So in order to minimize the infection every ophthalmologist should work as per the guidelines and measu...

Survey of Direct and Indirect Effects of COVID-19 on Eyes and the Common Ocular Manifestations

2021

PurposeOcular manifestations were reported in many recent observations that studied either the effect of COVID-19 directly on eyes or of face mask use. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the eyes and make a clear comparison of its direct and indirect effect from face mask-wearing.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of both written and web-based questionnaires, distributed among a group of COVID-19 patients and a matched control group, the questionnaire consisted of common demographic data, COVID-19 infection history and its symptoms, focusing on ocular symptoms and the presence of conditions related to or cause eye symptoms. As well as the use of face masks that were assessed in terms of the complained ocular manifestationResultsOf 618 participants, 252 had COVID-19 and 366 never had COVID-19. Ocular manifestation among COVID-19 incidence was 44%, significantly higher than non-infected participants’ incidence (35.8%), adjusted odds ratio, 95% confid...

Ophthalmology-focused publications and findings on COVID-19: A systematic review

European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2021

To summarize COVID-19 research endeavors by ophthalmologists/researchers in terms of publication numbers, journals and author countries, and to detail key findings. Methods: The LitCovid database was systematically reviewed for ophthalmology-focused COVID-19 articles. The quality of the evidence was assessed for articles investigating conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients. Results: There were 21,364 articles in LitCovid on June 12, 2020, of which 215 (1%) were ophthalmology-focused. Of articles on COVID-19 transmission, 3.3% were ophthalmology-focused. Ophthalmology-focused articles were published in 68 journals and originated from 25 countries. The top five countries publishing ophthalmology-focused articles (China, India, United States of America, Italy, and United Kingdom) produced 145/215 (67%) articles. A total of 16 case reports/ series from eight countries reported that conjunctivitis can be the initial or the only symptom of COVID-19 infection. Conjunctivitis may occur in the middle phase of COVID-19 illness. A total of 10 hospital-based cross-sectional studies reported that between 0% and 31.6% of COVID-19 patients have conjunctivitis or other ocular conditions, with a pooled prevalence of 5.5% reported in a meta-analysis. Viral RNA was detected in conjunctival swabs of patients with and without ocular manifestations, after resolution of conjunctivitis, after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative and in retina of deceased COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Within 3 months of declaring the COVID-19 pandemic, 215 ophthalmology-focused articles were published in PubMed, concentrating on disease manifestations and transmission. The reported presence of conjunctivitis or other ocular conditions in COVID-19 patients is varied. Clinicians should be alert for ocular involvement in COVID-19 infections and possible ocular transmission even in patients without ocular symptoms.

Ocular Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Northeast of Iran

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020

Purpose: To evaluate ocular findings in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Northeast of Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational study all consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis at the central referral center of these patients in northeast of Iran were included. Ocular examinations (external and slit) were randomly performed for the patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and six COVID wards of the hospital. Moreover, Chart records and serum chemistry results were collected. Results: A total of 142 patients with the mean age of 62.6 ± 15 years (range: 23-96 years) and almost equal gender distribution (male: N = 77, 54.2%) were included in the study. During the initial external examination by the ophthalmologist, 44 (31%) patients were found to have conjunctival hyperemia and 22 (15.5%) patients had chemosis. Consecutive slit examination showed 41 (28.9%) conjunctival hyperemia, 22 (15.5%) chemosis, 11 (7.7%) cataract, and 9 (6.3%) diabetic retinopathy. The patients with at least one ocular manifestation had significantly higher blood urea levels at the time of admission compared to those with no obvious ocular involvement (median: 41.5, IQR: 28-66.3 vs. median: 33, IQR: 23.8-51.8, P = .023). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the total white blood cell count, lymphocyte percent, neutrophil count, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and blood urea level between patients with positive and negative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 virus. None of the patients reported ocular symptoms prior to systemic involvement. The proportion of patients with at least one ocular manifestation was significantly higher in those admitted in the ICU compared to the non-ICU wards. wards. While conjunctival hyperemia was the most prevalent ocular finding in all patients, chemosis was the most common ocular manifestation in ICU admitted patients. Conclusion: Ocular manifestation was observed in more than half of our COVID-19 patients. Hence, it seems important to involve ophthalmologist in the diagnosis and management of these patients.