Autoimmune Encephalitis Resembling Dementia Syndromes (original) (raw)

Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation

Abstract

ObjectiveAs autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) can resemble neurodegenerative dementia syndromes, and patients do not always present as encephalitis, this study evaluates how frequently AIE mimics dementia and provides red flags for AIE in middle-aged and older patients.MethodsIn this nationwide observational cohort study, patients with anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), anti–NMDA receptor (NMDAR), anti–gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABABR), or anti–contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis were included. They had to meet 3 additional criteria: age ≥45 years, fulfillment of dementia criteria, and no prominent seizures early in the disease course (≤4 weeks).ResultsTwo-hundred ninety patients had AIE, of whom 175 were 45 years or older. Sixty-seven patients (38%) fulfilled criteria for dementia without prominent seizures early in the disease course. Of them, 42 had anti-LGI1 (48%), 13 anti-NMDAR (52%), 8 anti-GABABR (22%), and 4 anti-CASPR2 (15%) encephali...

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