On the Origin of Gravity and the Laws of Newton (original) (raw)
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Comments on ”On the Origin of Gravity and the
2010
We argue that the relativistic Unruh temperature cannot be associated with the bits on the screen, in the form considered by Verlinde. The acceleration a is a scalar quantity (the modulus of the acceleration four vecor) and not a vector. When the mass m approaches the holographic screen, viewed as a stretched horizon, the shift ∆x from Verlinde's Eq. (3.15) becomes c 2 /a and the entropy variation equals (1/2)kB ∆N , in accordance with Gao's calculations. Using the Heisenberg Principle we show that the energy on the causal horizon (viewed as a holographic screen) of an inertial observer is proportional to its radius , as for a black hole.
Physics Letters B, 2012
We consider the controversial hypothesis that gravity is an entropic force that has its origin in the thermodynamics of holographic screens. Several key aspects of entropic gravity are discussed. In particular, we revisit and elaborate on our criticism of the recent claim that entropic gravity fails to explain observations involving gravitationally-bound quantum states of neutrons in the GRANIT experiment and gravitationally induced quantum interference. We argue that the analysis leading to this claim is troubled by a misinterpretation concerning the relation between the microstates of a holographic screen and the state of a particle in the emergent space, engendering inconsistencies. A point of view that could resolve the inconsistencies is presented. We expound the general idea of the aforementioned critical analysis of entropic gravity in such a consistent setting. This enables us to clarify the problem and to identify a premise whose validity will decide the faith of the criticism against entropic gravity. It is argued that in order to reach a sensible conclusion we need more detailed knowledge on entropic gravity. These arguments are relevant to any theory of emergent space, where the entropy of the microscopic system depends on the distribution of matter in the emergent space.
The remarkable connections between gravity and thermodynamics seem to imply that gravity is not fundamental but emergent, and in particular, as Verlinde suggested, gravity is probably an entropic force. In this paper, we will argue that the idea of gravity as an entropic force is debatable. It is shown that there is no convincing analogy between gravity and entropic force in Verlinde’s example. Neither holographic screen nor test particle satisfies all requirements for the existence of entropic force in a thermodynamics system. Furthermore, we show that the entropy increase of the screen is not caused by its statistical tendency to increase entropy as required by the existence of entropic force, but in fact caused by gravity. Therefore, Verlinde’s argument for the entropic origin of gravity is problematic. In addition, we argue that the existence of a minimum size of spacetime, together with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum theory, may imply the fundamental existence of gravity as a geometric property of spacetime. This may provide a further support for the conclusion that gravity is not an entropic force.
On gravity as an entropic force
Physics Letters B, 2011
We consider E. Verlinde's proposal that gravity is an entropic force-we shall call this theory entropic gravity (EG)-and reanalyze a recent claim that this theory is in contradiction with the observation of the gravitationally-bound ground state of neutrons in the GRANIT experiment. We find that EG does not necessarily contradict the existence of gravitationally-bound quantum states of neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field, since EG is equivalent to Newtonian gravity in this case. However, certain transitions between the gravitationally-bound quantum states of neutrons, in particular spontaneous decays of excited states, which can hopefully be observed in future experiments, cannot be explained in the framework of EG, unless essential ingredients are introduced into it. Otherwise, a quantized description of gravity will be required.
Entropic contributions to theory of gravity
2018
In this paper, we study thermodynamical contributions to the theory of gravity under the q-deformed boson and fermion gas models. According to the Verlinde's proposal, the law of gravity is not based on a fundamental interaction but it emerges as an entropic force from the changes of entropy associated with the information on the holographic screen. In addition, Strominger shows that the extremal quantum black holes obey neither boson nor fermion statistics, but they obey deformed statistic. Using these notions, we find q-deformed entropy and temperature functions. We also present the contributions that come from the q-deformed model to the Poisson equation, Newton's law of gravity and Einstein's field equations.
On the Argument from Physics and General Relativity
Erkenntnis, 2020
I argue that the best interpretation of the general theory of relativity (GTR) has need of a causal entity (i.e., the gravitational field), and causal structure that is not reducible to light cone structure. I suggest that this causal interpretation of GTR helps defeat a key premise in one of the most popular arguments for causal reductionism, viz., the argument from physics.
This work derives the relation between the Planck constant and Einstein’s gravitational constant. The relation between the Planck constant and Newton’s gravitational constant is deduced. The relation between the Planck constant and the electric force of 1 Coulomb and the magnetic force of 1 Henry is deduced. It establishes that the Planck constant represents the density of momentum of the void space in the Universe. This work proves that gravitational force has its opposite force in the internal momentum of atomic particles of matter. It establishes that two terms mass and electric charge introduced by mankind are not known in nature. It is proven that, in nature, there is only one type of force and that is the force-balance of inertial forces, between the internal momentum of particles and the reversely oriented force of its own force-field in the surroundings of mass particles. This work further maintains that the essence of the composition of the mass of all atomic particles, as well as all force fields in the universe, is the same and is created by the compression of density of the momentum of the void space.
Entropic Description of Gravity by Thermodynamics Relativistic Fluids and the Information Theory.pdf
Entropic Description of Gravity by Thermodynamics Relativistic Fluids and the Information Theory.pdf, 2019
The purpose of this paper is to show a new approach to unify the theory of general relativity and quantum physics. For this, we rely on thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and the theory of information. We will then see that the Shannon entropy, Boltzmann and Von Neumann can be the source of gravity, which would be a form emerging. For this, we will study at first what is lacking for the unification of general relativity and physics. Secondly, we will explain the concept of entropic gravity by introducing calculations Erik Verlinde. Then we will explain the concept of entropy Boltzmann, Shannon, Von Neumann and the links between them. Then, we will modify Einstein's equations by transforming the tensor of perfect fluid in terms of entropy. Finally, we will link our theory with experience already carried out as part of a link between gravity and quantum theory.
Foundations of quantum gravity: The role of principles grounded in empirical reality
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 2014
When attempting to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various principles in their potential role of guiding the formulation of a theory of quantum gravity, it is crucial to distinguish between principles which are strongly supported by empirical data-either directly or indirectly-and principles which instead (merely) rely heavily on theoretical arguments for their justification. Principles in the latter category are not necessarily invalid, but their a priori foundational significance should be regarded with due caution. These remarks are illustrated in terms of the current standard models of cosmology and particle physics, as well as their respective underlying theories, i.e. essentially general relativity and quantum (field) theory. For instance, it is clear that both standard models are severely constrained by symmetry principles : an effective homogeneity and isotropy of the known universe on the largest scales in the case of cosmology and an underlying exact gauge symmetry of nuclear and electromagnetic interactions in the case of particle physics. However, in sharp contrast to the cosmological situation, where the relevant symmetry structure is more or less established directly on observational grounds, all known, nontrivial arguments for the "gauge principle" are purely theoretical (and far less conclusive than usually advocated). Similar remarks apply to the larger theoretical structures represented by general relativity and quantum (field) theory, where-actual or potential-empirical principles, such as the (Einstein) equivalence principle or EPR-type nonlocality, should be clearly differentiated from theoretical ones, such as general covariance or renormalizability. It is argued that if history is to be of any guidance, the best chance to obtain the key structural features of a putative quantum gravity theory is by deducing them, in some form, from the appropriate empirical principles (analogous to the manner in which, say, the idea that gravitation is a curved spacetime phenomenon is arguably implied by the equivalence principle). Theoretical principles may still be useful however in formulating a concrete theory (analogous to the manner in which, say, a suitable form of general covariance can still act as a sieve for separating theories of gravity from one another). It is subsequently argued that the appropriate empirical principles for deducing the key structural features of quantum gravity should at least include (i) quantum nonlocality, (ii) irreducible indeterminacy (or, essentially equivalently, given (i), relativistic causality), (iii) the thermodynamic arrow of time, (iv) homogeneity and isotropy of the observable universe on the largest scales. In each case, it is explained-when appropriate-how the principle in question could be implemented mathematically in a theory of quantum gravity, why it is considered to be of fundamental significance and also why contemporary accounts of it are insufficient. For instance, the high degree of uniformity observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background is usually regarded as theoretically problematic because of the existence of particle horizons, whereas the currently popular attempts to resolve this situation in terms of inflationary models are, for a number of reasons, less than satisfactory. However, rather than trying to account for the required empirical features dynamically, an arguably much more fruitful approach consists in attempting to account for these features directly, in the form of a lawlike initial condition within a theory of quantum gravity.