R & D, structural change and productivity: the role of high and medium-high technology industries (original) (raw)
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On R&D, medium and high-tech industries and productivity: an application to the Portuguese case
2008
This paper investigates the potential impact of increased R&D efforts and structural change in Portugal on labour productivity. The paper addresses Portugal's ambition, expressed in the 2005 Technological Plan. Based on existing literature on the relation between R&D expenditures, structural change and productivity, we evaluate the contribution of R&D and high-tech industries on productivity over the last 30 years. Our results confirm the importance of governement's R&D and of business R&D in the medium to high-tech sectors, as they stimulate productivity growth. However, we cannot hypothesize that productivity growth was primarily rooted on the development of medium-high technology industries.
R&D Intensity in the Brazilian Industry: some distributional regularities
Revista Brasileira de Inovação
Resultados empíricos anteriores sobre os determinantes da intensidade em P&D têm sugerido indiretamente a relevância de competências não observadas relacionadas a P&D. Cohen e Klepper (1992) desenvolveram um modelo probabilístico que é capaz de ser consistente com fatos estilizados bem conhecidos acerca da distribuição de P&D tais como agrupamento em torno de zero, unimodalidade e assimetria positiva e gera previsões bem definidas sobre a correlação entre os diferentes momentos da distribuição (média, variância, coeficiente de variação e assimetria). A evidência para setores a 3-dígitos da indústria de transformação em São Paulo é em grande parte consistente com o referido modelo teórico.
Archives of Business Research, 2014
Significant* research* has* studied* the* impact* of* Research* and* Development* (R&D)* on* Gross* Domestic* Product* (GDP)* at* the* country* level.* * However,* few* studies* consider* the* possibility* that* a* country's* GDP* can* also* be* a* driver* for* R&D.*This*paper*investigates*the*causal*relationship*linking*R&D*and*growth*in* a* sample* of* European* Union* (EU)* countries,* with* an* emphasis* on* Portugal.* A* causal* relationship* from* growth* to* R&D* can* only* be* proven* for* France* and* Spain,* whereas* the* inverse* causality* only* seems* to* exist* for* The* Netherlands.* The* coBintegration* results* question* the* existence* of* a* longBrun* relationship* between*R&D*and*GDP.
The productivity of innovation in Portugal
Research Papers in Economics, 2012
We view innovation as a productive process, with outputs and inputs. We aim at compare the productivity of innovation across the twenty seven Member States of the European Union (EU-27), having a particular focus on Portugal. The data on inputs and outputs of innovation were collected from the Innovation Union Scoreboard 2010 report and covers the EU-27 Member States, from 2006 to 2010. The Total Factor Productivity index (TFP index) was used as the technique for data analysis. The choice of this technique was mainly determined by its flexibility and by data constraints. Two types of TFP indexes were computed: i) TFPt (time), which compares the productivity of innovation in each Member State with its productivity in a base year; ii) TFPs (space), which compares the productivity of innovation in each Member State with the productivity of the EU-27 average. Results show larger TFPs differences across Member States than TFPt differences. Concerning TFPt, there is a reduction of product...
INNOVATION, TERRITORY AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PORTUGAL 1
Innovation holds an important role in the economic development process. The competitive potential of national and regional economies is based on the ability to manage the changing technological process. Economic competition does no longer exclusively depend on the factor costs, which vary geographicaly, because technology can now eliminate the territory disadvantages. Productivity is the crucial element in the competitive capacity of any economy. Productivity, as can easily be proved, is deeply dependent on technological development; this is only possible if there is constant innovation. This paper starts with a brief discussion on the theoretical issues regarding innovation in relation to regional economies. In the second section the Portuguese R&D system is analised in terms of finance and human resources. Particular attention is paid to the entrepreneurial R&D effort, namely in manufacturing activity. Finally, some limitations of the innovation policy in the EU are pointed out, together with its consequences for the least favoured regions.
2012
The objective of the paper is to help to understand recent changes in the structure of R&D activities, by analyzing data on the expenditure of the business sector in research and development (R&D). The results are framed in an international context, through comparison with indicators from the most developed countries, divided by technological intensity and economic activity. The study reveals that the indicators of Portuguese R&D expenditure in the business sector are closely linked both to fiscal policy and to high foreign direct investment in knowledgeintensive industries. It also links these indicators to phenomena such as the abundance of skilled labor in pharmaceutical industries and the government intervention in some sectors of the economy (namely health and rail transportation).
The Impact Of R&d Investment On Productivity
Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica
In the context of the national and European efforts directed to increasing of R&D investment up to 3% of GDP, the debate on the effects of R&D investment has received a new impetus last time. Starting from theoretical and methodological approaches found in the current scientific literature regarding this issue, the paper is focused on the empirical analysis of the effect of R&D investment on total factor productivity in Romania for the period 1996-2006. The results obtained, in line with current research results in Romania or abroad, could be taken into consideration in political decision of R&D investment and in finding appropriate economic measures aiming to stimulate business R&D investment.
The productivity impact of R&D investment: are high-tech sectors still ahead?
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2014
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R&D and productivity growth: a panel data analysis of 16 OECD countries
2001
Research and development, resulting in new goods, new processes and new knowledge, is a major source of technical change. As defined by the Frascati Manual (OECD, 1993, p. 29), R&D "comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications". There are different types of R&D, however, and the effect of R&D on productivity may work through various channels. In order to capture the links between R&D and productivity it is necessary to take these aspects into account. R&D is not the only source of new technology: in modern, industrial economies, other activities, such as learning by doing or design are conducted in most cases on the basis of new technology coming out of R&D (e.g. changes in the organisation of business related to the use of information and communication technology). The relationship between R&D and innovation is a complex, non-linear one. However, it is recognised also that it is difficult for substantial advances in technology to occur without work undertaken on a systematic basis (even serendipity tends to develop in such a context), and R&D is a good indicator of this broader phenomenon.