Valorized deinking paper residue as fill material for geotechnical structures (original) (raw)
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Sustainability
The construction industry uses a large amount of natural virgin material for different geotechnical structures. In Europe alone, 11 million tonnes of solid waste is generated per year as a result of the production of almost 100 million tonnes of paper. The objective of this research is to develop a new geotechnical composite from residues of the deinking paper industry and to present its practical application, e.g., as a backfill material behind a retaining structure. After different mixtures were tested in a laboratory, the technology was validated by building a pilot retaining wall structure in a landslide region near a railway line. It was confirmed that a composite with 30% deinking sludge and 70% deinking sludge ash had a high enough strength but experienced some deformations before failure. Special attention was paid to the impact of transport, which, due to the time lag between the mixing and installation of the composite, significantly reduced its strength. The pilot retaini...
Reinforced Fly Ash Slope Using Different Geosynthetics
2011
The model tests were conducted in the laboratory without and with reinforcement in fly ash steep slopes on soft foundation to check the stability of steep slope. In this experiment fly ash is used as a filling material and two types of reinforcement were used: (a) Three dimensional circular geocell strip (diameter =5 cm and height=1cm) made from waste plastic bottles and (b) polyester geogrid strip (width = 4.5 cm and thickness = 0.3 mm). The properties of geocell and geogrid strip are determined. From the experiments, load and settlement have measured. From these data, load -settlement curves have reported. It has been observed from test results that load carrying capacity of geocell is more than that of geogrid strip. The deformation of geocell is slightly more than that of geogrid strip. A Finite Element Method (F.E.M.) was also evaluated using PLAXIS 8 version. The failure pattern, deformations and factor of safety are reported based on analytical programme. The results from exp...
Geotechnical characterisation of fly ash composites
Backfilling of mine voids is mandatory to avoid subsequent ground stability problems in the form of subsidence. River sand and mill tailings have been widely used since a long time as backfilling materials. However, with a strict regulation banning river sand mining in India, research for developing alternative engineering materials substituting sand has gained importance. In the present study four fly ash composite materials (FCMs) was developed from the fly ash obtained from a captive thermal unit of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP). The main constituent of the composite were fly ash, lime and gypsum. Detailed physical, and engineering properties were determined for the FCMs. Significant increases in the compressive strength were obtained after 56 days of curing time. A detailed SEM studies was undertaken to account for the increase in strength with time. The fly ash composite developed from RSP has potential to be used as substitute to sand for backfilling the mine voids.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The environmental properties of three geotechnical composites made by recycling wastes were investigated on a laboratory scale and in the field with the use of lysimeters designated for the revitalization of degraded mining sites. Composites were prepared by combining the mine waste with paper-mill sludge and foundry sand (Composite 1), with digestate from municipal waste and paper ash (Composite 2), and with coal ash, foundry slag and waste incineration bottom ash (Composite 3). The results of laboratory leaching tests proved that Composites 1 and 3 are environmentally acceptable, according to the legislative limits, as the potentially hazardous substances were immobilized, while in Composite 2, the legislative limits were exceeded. In the field lysimeters, the lowest rate of leaching was determined for optimally compacted Composites 1 and 3, while for Composite 2 the leaching of Cu was high. This study proved that optimally installed Composites 1 and 3 are environmentally acceptab...
TO STUDY THE BASIC GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLY ASH LIME GYPSUM COMPOSITE WITH SILTY SAND
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020
The waste material is frequently used by researchers globally due to little cost and effective results in engineering applications. Every year millions of ton of waste like Fly ash is generated from the kilns. In addition the sandy silt is produced on very large scale along the dam site which is dumped to the nearby site. The dumping of Fly ash from industries near habitable areas poses environmental threats like air pollution, water contamination and affects biodiversity. This work study aims at utilizing the waste material like Silty sand and Fly ash. In the study a mix was prepared by addition of Fly ash, Lime and gypsum in the fixed proportions and silty sand was added in the mix replacing Fly ash by 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight. By addition of 10% of silty sand and the samples and cured by burlap method Unconfined compressive strength was highest i.e. 64.58 KPa with 56 days curing period.
International Journal of Technology, 2017
This study investigated the possibility of developing a synthetic fill material by combining industrial waste materials, thus, integrating the properties of cohesion and friction as a replacement for natural soil. Biosolids and steel slag were selected for proportioning of the synthetic fill material. They were blended in different proportions and the geotechnical properties of the various blends were investigated to determine the strength and bearing of the blended synthetic material for fill applications. The results of the investigation were encouraging with the index properties of the blends better than those of biosolids. It was found that 25% to 40% steel slag blending produced the maximum strength and bearing. The investigation revealed that blending of industrial waste materials has the potential to perform the function of a synthetic fill material in road embankments and backfills. However, further studies are recommended to investigate its long term compressibility and permeability and further improvement of bearing to meet local standards.
Use of Composite Mixture of M-Sand and Fly Ash as a Sub grade Material
2016
Pulverized Fuel ash is an industrial waste produced in thermal power plants across the world. Fly ash is an engineering material that can be used as embankment material or sub grade material. When compared with typical soils used for embankment construction, fly ash has large uniformity coefficient consisting of siltsized particles mostly. Addition of Manufactured sand modifies the particle size distribution of fly ash and also there will be an increase in unit weight of the mixed material. The present experimental work has been carried out to know the possibility of using fly ash in combination with M-Sand. The engineering properties of this mixture (fly ash-M-Sand) have been studied to bring out the possibility of using fly ash in the construction of embankments. Addition of M-Sand to fly ash results in an increase in Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and at the same time observed a decrease in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). The composite consisting of 40% fly ash + 60% M-Sand produced ...
The Alternatives to Traditional Materials for Subsoil Stabilization and Embankments
Materials, 2019
Major infrastructure projects require significant amount of natural materials, often followed by the soft soil stabilization using hydraulic binders. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of alternative waste materials (fly ash and slag) that can be used for earthworks. Results of high plasticity clay stabilization using fly ash from Serbian power plants are presented in the first part. In the second part of the paper, engineering properties of ash and ash-slag mixtures are discussed with the emphasis on the application in road subgrade and embankment construction. Physical and mechanical properties were determined via following laboratory tests: Specific gravity, grain size distribution, the moisture-density relationship (Proctor compaction test), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), oedometer and swell tests, direct shear and the California bearing ratio (CBR). The results indicate the positive effects of the clay stabilization using fly ash, in terms of increasing strength and stiffness and reducing expansivity. Fly ashes and ash-slag mixtures have also comparable mechanical properties with sands, which in combination with multiple other benefits (lower energy consumption and CO 2 emission, saving of natural materials and smaller waste landfill areas), make them suitable fill materials for embankments, especially considering the necessity for sustainable development.
Numerical analysis of reinforced embankment slopes made up of pozzolanic waste materials
International Journal of Geo-Engineering
The paper presents the numerical study of the bearing capacity behavior of the model footing placed on the top of reinforced embankment slopes made up of Pozzolanic waste materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The present investigation is aimed at studying the efficacy of the different types of reinforcement (geogrid and rubbergrid) in improving the load bearing capacity of the embankment slopes made up of waste materials. The effect of various parameters such as slope angle, location of the footing with slope crest, embedment depth of the reinforcement is studied on the strength behavior of the embankment. The analysis is carried out on unreinforced fly ash and GGBFS embankments for three slope angles and three locations of the footing with respect to slope crest, i.e., edge distance. The fly ash slopes reinforced with geogrid and rubber grid reinforcement is also analyzed for all the three slope angles and edge distances as that in unreinforced...