Cooperation in Wireless Sensor Networks with intra and intercluster interference (original) (raw)
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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2000
This paper proposes a new system architecture for continuous monitoring wireless sensor networks, utilizing recent developments in the areas of cooperative beam-forming, radio frequency integrated circuit technology, and spread-spectrum techniques. In the proposed system, nodes are activated only when they are triggered to send their own data to the fusion center directly, without burdening the network with MAC layer collisions and energy-consuming routing algorithms, thus guaranteeing long lifetime cycles. The nodes consist of a simple active reflector circuit which is synchronized by an incident wave transmitted by a distant base station. Since the nodes can be deployed in large numbers, the network acts as a single antenna array with high directive gain pointing towards the direction of the fusion center. At the receiver, data from each node can be de-multiplexed with the use of a frequency shift keying direct sequence spread spectrum modulation scheme that enables multiple access without destroying the beamforming characteristics of the network.
2014
Le système MIMO coopératif est une solution attrayante dans un environnement où les trajets multiples signalent s'avérer être une étape stimulante pour le lien paire communication émetteur-récepteur. En effet, la diversité spatiale fournis par les émetteurs et recievers peut être exploitée pour améliorer la qualité du signal. Cette thèse étudie l'application de la boucle fermée précodeur MIMO pour réduire encore plus l'énergie de transmission dans un tel environnement. La contribution de cette thèse est de proposer des approches globales qui conduisent à l'optimisation globale des transmissions dans le système MIMO coopératif. Tout d'abord, on exploite la diversité spatiale des noeuds, et proposons une technique de sélection de noeud pour réduire l'énergie de transmission. Les noeuds sont sélectionnées en utilisant le linéaire boucle fermée MIMO précodeur max-dmin qui optimise la distance minimale (dmin) de critère pour réduire le BER de la constellation reçu...
Cooperative MIMO Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks
The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces the concept of cooperative MIMO and Section 3 explains various types of diversity techniques proposed in the current literature. A comparative study between the major diversity techniques is presented in Section 4 and this is followed by performance evaluation in Section 5. Finally, in Section 6 we conclude the chapter. 2. Cooperative MIMO Concepts The MIMO term originally describes the use of the multiple antennas concept or exploitation of spatial diversity techniques. In early research work, the MIMO concept was proposed to fulfil the demand for providing reliable high-speed wireless communication links in harsh environments. Subsequently, MIMO technology has been proposed to be used in wireless local area networks and cellular networks (Proakis, 2001), particularly at the base station and access point sides to tackle the challenges of low transmission rates and low reliability with no constraints on energy efficiency. In contrast, WSNs have to deal with energy constraints due to the fact that each sensor node depends on its battery for its operation. In harsh environments, sensor nodes must be provided with reliable communication links. However, current WSN design requirements do not require high transmission rates. The concept of cooperative MIMO was introduced in WSNs by utilising the collaborative nature of dense sensor nodes with the broadcast wireless medium to provide reliable communication links in order to reduce the total energy consumption for each sensor node. Therefore, instead of using multiple antennas attached to one node or device such in the traditional MIMO concept, cooperative MIMO presents the concept of multiple sensor nodes cooperating to transmit and/or receive signals. Multiple sensor nodes are physically grouped together to cooperatively transmit and/or receive. Within a group, sensor nodes can communicate with relatively low power as compared to inter-group communication (Singh and Prasanna, 2003; Gupta and Younis, 2003; Yuksel and Erkip, 2004). Furthermore, by using this cooperative MIMO concept, we can provide the advantages of traditional MIMO systems to WSNs, particularly in terms of energy efficient operation.
Multi-Cell MIMO Cooperative Networks: A New Look at Interference
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2010
This paper presents an overview of the theory and currently known techniques for multi-cell MIMO (multiple input multiple output) cooperation in wireless networks. In dense networks where interference emerges as the key capacitylimiting factor, multi-cell cooperation can dramatically improve the system performance. Remarkably, such techniques literally exploit inter-cell interference by allowing the user data to be jointly processed by several interfering base stations, thus mimicking the benefits of a large virtual MIMO array. Multicell MIMO cooperation concepts are examined from different perspectives, including an examination of the fundamental information-theoretic limits, a review of the coding and signal processing algorithmic developments, and, going beyond that, consideration of very practical issues related to scalability and system-level integration. A few promising and quite fundamental research avenues are also suggested.
Heliyon
Collaborative Beamforming (CB) is an essential tool towards achieving long-range transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In some instances, there may be multiple intended data destinations (sinks) in a WSN. This calls for multi-CB. In comparison to sink-by-sink CB, multi-CB implies improved data rates and decreased cochannel interference; and consequently increased network capacity. In current literature, there is no research in multi-CB particularly in 3-dimension WSNs. In this paper, a novel multi-CB mechanism is brought to the fore. This is from the point of view of a random arrangement of sensor nodes in a 3-dimension manner. It is assumed that all sinks' directions are known at the CB cluster head. Node transmit amplitude and phase are optimized using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm variant to concurrently achieve balanced multiple narrow beams and minimal radiation in undesired directions. The performance of the proposed scheme is checked against that of a pure multiple beam steering approach (without beam power balancing and minimization of radiation in undesired directions). Moreover, an analysis of beam power, width and steering accuracy is done upon varying the number of collaborating nodes and the collaborating cluster radius. Increasing the count of collaborating nodes yields improved beam precision/accuracy, lower radiation in undesired directions and appreciable stability in beam power performance Increasing the collaborating nodes' cluster radius yields narrow beams, improved beam precision and appreciably lower radiation in undesired directions. The contributions of this work to current literature include: (i) formulation and analysis of a multiple beamforming scheme in the realm of 3-dimension WSNs; (ii) design of a multi-CB scheme taking into account minimization of radiation in undesired directions; (iii) a statistical multi-CB performance analysis upon varying collaborating nodes' cluster radius and collaborating node count.
Cooperative wireless networks based on distributed space-time coding
2004
The aim of this paper is to show how cooperation among nodes of a wireless network can be useful to reduce the overall radiated power necessary to guarantee reliable links among the network nodes. The basic idea is that if the links between cooperating nodes are sufficiently reliable, the cooperating nodes can transmit in a coordinated manner in order to emulate a virtual MIMO system that can yield considerable gains in terms of diversity or capacity. In this paper, we provide first a theoretical analysis of a single-user scenario showing how the cooperation gain is related to the spatial density of the cooperating nodes. Then, we compare alternative distributed space-time coding strategies aimed at achieving the promised advantages in a multi-user context 1 .
Clustering for Cooperative MIMO Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks under Interference Constraints
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks, 2014
CRSN (Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks) have recently gained huge interest as an area of research. Naturally, due to energy limitations in WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks), grouping sensor nodes into clusters has been widely adopted by the research community to overcome the issue of limited energy budget and generally achieve high energy efficiency as well as prolonging network lifetime in large-scale WSN environments. Combining clustering of WSN with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a promising technique used in literature of this research area leading to what is called cooperative MIMO clustered WSN. Compared with existing work, our contributions are: i) Extension of CR (Cognitive Radio) technique to cooperative MIMO clustered WSN in a spectrum sharing sense as well as demonstrating that SISO setting isn't always the best setting for transmission even at small distances. The shift to other settings is more favorable to guarantee not disturbing the primary user while transmitting on the same channel; and ii) Proposing a selection criterion for cooperative MIMO CRSN that chooses the minimum energy setting (SISO/SIMO/MISO/MIMO) to guarantee a proper communication for the secondary CR system under some interference constraint to the primary user as well as satisfying a specific BER requirement for CR secondary system.
The Uplink of Distributed MIMO: Wireless Network Coding versus Coordinated Multipoint
IEEE Communications Letters, 2015
In this paper, we propose an advanced transmission protocol for the next generation wireless access network by using the so-called wireless network coding (WNC). As an alternative to conventional cooperative multipoint (CoMP) in 3GPP standard, WNC enables access points cooperation, which combines the flows using network coding function, instead of sending multiple separate information flows to the hub base station. It is worth noting that the wireless network coding in principle allows cooperation with less backhaul load compared to the CoMP transmission, while enjoying a superior performance compared with CoMP in terms of both bandwidth and energy efficiency.
Clustering and power management for virtual MIMO communications in wireless sensor networks
Ad Hoc Networks, 2013
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a well-established technique for increasing the link throughput, extending the transmission range, and/or reducing energy consumption. In the context of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), even if each node is equipped with a single antenna, it is possible to group several nodes to form a virtual antenna array, which can act as the transmitting or receiving end of a virtual MIMO (VMIMO) link. In this paper, we propose energy-efficient clustering and power management schemes for virtual MIMO operation in a multi-hop WSN. Our schemes are integrated into a comprehensive protocol, called cooperative MIMO (CMIMO), which involves clustering the WSN into several clusters, each managed by up to two cluster heads (CHs); a master CH (MCH) and a slave CH (SCH). The MCH and SCH collect data from their cluster members during the intra-cluster communications phase and communicate these data to neighboring MCHs/SCHs via an inter-cluster VMIMO link. CMIMO achieves energy efficiency by proper selection of the MCHs and SCHs, adaptation of the antenna elements and powers in the inter-cluster communications phase, and using a cross-layer MIMO-aware route selection algorithm for multi-hop operation. We formally establish the conditions on the transmission powers of CHs and non-CHs that ensure the connectivity of the inter-cluster topology. Simulations are used to study the performance of CMIMO. The simulation results indicate that our proposed protocol achieves significant reduction in energy consumption and longer network life time, compared with non-adaptive clustered WSNs.
Cooperative and Constrained MIMO Communications in Wireless Ad Hoc/Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2010
In this paper, we investigate the issue of cooperative node selection in MIMO communications for wireless ad hoc/sensor networks, where a source node is surrounded by multiple neighbors and all of them are equipped with a single antenna. Given energy, delay and data rate constraints, a source node dynamically chooses its cooperating nodes from its neighbors to form a virtual MIMO system with the destination node (which is assumed to have multiple antennas), as well as adaptively allocates the power level and adjusts the constellation size for each of the selected cooperative nodes. In order to optimize system performance, we jointly consider the optimization of all these parameters, given the aforementioned system constraints. We assume that the source node either has CSI, or has no CSI. Heuristic algorithms, such as maximal channel gain (MCG) and least channel correlation (LCC) algorithms are proposed in order to exploit available system information and to solve the constrained optimization problem.