Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Indices of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Nephrolepis Undulata in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats (original) (raw)
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OJIEH ANTHONY EMEKA , 2021
Background: In spite of orthodox modalities, the market for herbal preparations with anti-diabetic properties remains strong worldwide. Several plants have been researched for their effect on the metabolism of glucose and the properties of hypoglycemia. The present research explores the Ameliorative Potentials in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Nephrolepis unduranta. Materials and Methods: Fresh Nephrolepis undulate leaves were air-dried, crushed and soaked in methanol for 48 hours, after which the methanolic extract was sewn and dried. The resulting extract, using chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents respectively, was subjected to liquidliquid fractionation. Sixty adult Wistar male rats weighing 140-200 g were randomly chosen into six (6) groups of five rats (n=5) each. In rats, diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection. Groups 1 and 2 serve as the respective regular and diabetic control groups. Group 3 was treated with metformin at 50 mg/kg/day in the diabetic group. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 250 mg/kg/day of distinct fractions of Nephrolepis unduranta extract. The animals were sacrificed, blood samples obtained, and centrifuged at the end of the 21-day treatment period to extract serum for biochemical analysis. For biochemical analysis, the tissues of the kidney, liver, small intestine, brain and pancreas were also excised. The SPSS package was used to analyze the generated data and the results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Result: Results obtained showed that elevated blood glucose levels were substantially decreased relative to control groups in groups receiving metformin and plant fractions (P<0.05), with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting the most hypoglycemic potential of the fractions. Inhibition of alphaamylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by plant fractions has also occurred. diabetic activity in the animal model and could be considered for human study.
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Background: The herb Neptunia prostrata Linn. belonging to the family Mimosaceae has been used in folkloric medicine in the North-eastern states of India of Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya by indigenous herbal healers since time immemorial but there is a scarcity of any background study documenting its use as an antimicrobial herb. For the same, plants were collected and authenticated. Methods: Following identification of these herbs methanolic, ethanolic, pet ether and chloroform extracts were prepared using soxhlation. Acute toxicity study as per OECD guidelines 420 was assessed in wistar albino rats and in swiss albino mice (n=5) of both sexes at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight and did not reveal any morbidity or mortality in the animals within the stipulated period. Phytochemical screening was performed on all four extracts of Neptunia prostrata. Results: Phytochemical constituents depicted presence of glycoside, flavonoids in only ethanolic, methanolic and chloroform extracts. Alk...
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2019
A recent survey has demonstrated that traditional healers and herbalists frequently use Nelumbo nucifera plant to treat diabetes. The plant investigated here has been previously reported as natural folk medicine, but until now no scientific investigation of potential antidiabetic effects have been reported. Plant leaves of Nelumbo nucifera were screened out for quantitative analysis of phytochemicals, in-vitro anti-diabetic activity (Alpha-amylase inhibitory assay) and In-vivo anti-diabetic assay of animals (rabbits). Quantitative analysis indicates that different phytochemicals were present in plant leaves extract/fractions. In-vitro antidiabetic analysis results poses that butanol fraction is significantly more active than other fractions or extract in antihyperglycemic activity with minimum IC 50 value of 8.56µg/ml. For In-vivo anti-diabetic assay, animals (rabbits) were examined and animals were divided into 10 groups and except blank group all were treated with standard and plant extracts/fractions doses (25mg and 50mg per Kg body weight) as an aqueous suspension. Their blood sugar level was thoroughly recorded with a glucometer before the administration of sample and standard drug. Alloxan Monohydrate was administrated orally (as an ice-cold water solution) at dose rate 150mg/kg body weight for one week to make animals hyperglycemic. In-vivo analysis indicates that butanol fraction is the most active fraction in antihyperglycemic activity. So Leaves of N. nucifera can be used as antidiabetic remedy. So, it is strongly recommended that N. nucifera leaves should be elucidated further for isolation of active phytochemicals.
Medicinal Plants: A Methodology for Studying their Anti-Diabetic Activity
TJPRC, 2013
This work is a review on the study methods of the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants. Indeed, this discipline is not standardized and techniques used to assess this activity are very varied. The choices of the plant and the extract to be tested are major parameters before going to the model of diabetes. The latter is induced into animals by various techniques including the injection of chemicals such as streptozotocin which damages the pancreatic β cells. Hence, diabetes develops spontaneously in certain animal species. Works realized on animals (preclinical) would permit to research on human being (clinical).
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: The present work was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into different groups and glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), and Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) treatments were given orally, for 28 d. Change in body weight, glucose level, lipid profile, total cholesterol, and triglyceride level in tissue homogenates, total hemoglobin, and HbA1C and pancreas microscopy of different groups were evaluated. Results: Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract 200 and 400 mg/kg dose group have a significant change in weight as compared to diabetic control. All the extract treated groups showed a significant reduction in glucose level on 14th and 28th day as compared to diabetic control. The level of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly reduced, and HDL level significantly increased in 400 mg/kg groups after 28 d treatment. However, a significant increase in Hb concentration was observed in diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg, when compared to diabetic control. The microscopy of the pancreas showed both glibenclamide and 400 mg/kg extract does appear to regulate diabetes at the cellular level resulting in restoration of near normal architecture pancreatic islets of langerhans and hepatocytes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract exhibit significant antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetes model.
Turk J Biol, 2007
This study aimed to assess the protective potential of glimepiride and Nerium oleander extract on lipid profile, body growth rate, and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 50 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin. Rats with glucose levels >200 mg/dl were subdivided into 3 sub-groups. Rats in the first sub-group remained without treatment and were considered diabetic. Those in the second and third subgroups were orally administered 0.1 mg/kg body weight daily glimepiride and 250 mg/kg body weight daily Nerium oleander extract, respectively, for 4 weeks. In the streptozotocininduced diabetic rats, serum triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly increased whereas body growth rate was markedly decreased compared to the controls. In contrast to uric acid and creatinine, urea concentrations were markedly elevated. Treatment of diabetic rats with glimepiride or plant extract improved all of these parameters, indicating their antidiabetic efficacy.
Antihyperglycemic Effects of Nephelium lappaceum Rind Extract in High Fat-Induced Diabetic Rats
International Journal of Pharmacology, 2015
This study investigated the antidiabetic effects of the rind of Nephelium lappaceum extract in a high fat-induced diabetic rat model. Ethanolic N. lappaceum rind extract was prepared and standardised with geraniin using high performance liquid chromatography. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed on a high fat diet followed by 210 mg kgG 1 nicotinamide and 55 mg kgG 1 streptozotocin injection to induce type 2 diabetes. The diabetic rats were treated with N. lappaceum rind at concentrations of 500 and 2000 mg for 28 days. Positive control rats were treated with 200 mg metformin. A 41.1% yield of ethanolic extract was obtained from powdered N. lappaceum rind while geraniin present in the extract was quantified to be 33.0±0.2 mg geraniin/g extract. Our study also showed that the diabetic rats treated with 2000 mg N. lappaceum had reduction in blood glucose level and improved insulin levels which were similar to the metformin-treated group. Pancreas histology showed that the group treated with 2000 mg of N. lappaceum had healthy pancreas morphology and the treatment was comparable to the effects observed in the metformin-treated group. In conclusion, N. lappaceum rind extract showed anti-hyperglycaemic activity at a dose of 2000 mg kgG 1 without any major toxic effects in high-fat diet induced diabetic rats.
Journal of Natural Remedies
The purpose of this study was to collect data for future clinical investigations and research on the safe and efficient use of various herbal medicines to treat hyperglycemia. One of the primary contributing reasons to the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy is hyperglycemia, and many modern treatments are made from plants since they frequently have fewer side effects than the conventional medications that are now available. The medicinal plants include Sesbania sesban, Elaeis guineensis, Tecoma stans, Aloe barbadensis miller, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Olea europaea, Anogeissus acuminata, Juglans regia L., Fragaria ananassa, Ginkgo biloba, Laurus nobilis L., Dryopteris dilatata, Moringa oleifera, Punica granatum L., Lycium chinense, Rumex nervous alkaloids and flavonoids are the primary phytoconstituents that aid in the therapy or cure of diabetic nephropathy. The therapeutic effects of medicinal plant leaf extract may be due to the wide range of bioactive compounds pres...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of ethanol seed extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae) as antihyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozotocin (single intraperitoneal dose of 60 mg/kg B. W). The ethanol extract of N. nucifera seed at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administrated at a single dose per day to STZ induced diabetic rats for a period of 42 d. The different pharmacological parameters were evaluated. The effect of ethanol seed extract of N. nucifera on insulin, blood glucose, urea, creatinine, HbA1C, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes, serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxides (LPO) and other antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the diabetic rats. Results: In the acute toxicity study ethanol seed extract of Nelumbo nucifera were non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg in rats. The ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera seed showed significant reduction in blood glucose (p<0.05), serum enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) (p<0.05), lipid parameters (TC, TG, VLDL, LDL) (p<0.05) except HDL and significantly increased insulin (p<0.05), HDL (p<0.05), GPx, GSH, SOD and CAT (p<0.05) at the dose of 400 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic-induced control. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the NNSE has significant (p<0.05) antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in STZ induced diabetic rats. These results clearly indicate that Nelumbo nucifera is effective against free radical-mediated diseases, thus replacing the synthetic ones.