Of Neurological Examination-Differential Diagnosis for Intracranial Diseases in Cats and Dogs (original) (raw)
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Journal of Veterinary Clinics, 2018
The object of this study was to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and neurological signs in canine brain diseases. Brain diseases can cause severe neurological deficits and may be life-threatening. The antemortem diagnosis of the brain diseases is difficult for the clinician, since definitive diagnosis is based upon histopathological confirmation. Brain diseases are often associated with specific clinical signs, signalment, progression, and location. Accurate lesion localization through neurological examination and MRI findings is helpful for developing a differential diagnosis. A retrospective study was performed to compare the neurological examination of dogs with suspected brain disease to the MRI findings. Based on this study, neurological examination is a reliable way to localize most brain lesions. Postural reaction deficits do not provide sufficient information to localize lesions. Additionally, not all brain lesions present clinical signs and inflammatory lesions may cause no detectable abnormalities on MRI. Therefore, in clinical practice, a combination of neurological examination and MRI findings recommended for accurate brain lesion localization.
Doenças neurológicas em gatos: 155 casos
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 2018
A retrospective epidemiological study on neurological disease of cats was performed using data from cats admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2001 to 2014. The aim the study was to determine the age, sex race, and type of neurological disease affecting cats and identify these diseases according to the anatomical region and disease classes, specified under the acronym DINAMIT-V. One hundred and fifty five cats with neurological disease were observed during 13 years; the diagnosis was confirmed in 112 (72.2%) and was presumptive in 43 (27.8%). Mixed breed cats (77.9%) were the most commonly affected, followed by Persian and Siamese cats. The most affected anatomic sites were segments T3-L3 of the spinal cord (28.4%) and thalamic-cortical area (24.5%). Most cats (43.9%), were diagnosed with trauma, mainly spinal cord trauma, followed by inflammatory/infectious disease (33.5%). It is concluded that the neurological disorders in cats have higher prevalence in the spinal cord and thalamic-cortical areas and that the most frequent class of disease is trauma. Data obtained may assist future studies regarding neurological diseases in cats. INDEX TERMS: Neurology, diseases of cats, neuroanatomical localization, feline.
Revista MVZ Córdoba, 2021
Objetive. To determine the casuistry of neurological diseases, as well as the age, race and affected neuroanatomical sites. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the clinical records of canine patients attended was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in 2017. The data were classified according to the VitaminD mnemonic rule. The variables sex, race, age, and neuroanatomical localization of lesions were included. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics through frequency distribution tables. Results. From 1127 case records, the prevalence of neurological diseases was 8.43%. The frequency was higher in males than in females (53.68% vs 46.32%). The most affected age group ranges from zero to seven years. Regarding breeds, a higher frequency was observed in canines without defined breed (25.53%) followed by French Poodle dogs (20.21%). The pathologies found were vascular (1.05%), inflammatory/infectious (25.26%), traumatic (13.68%), metabolic (8.42%), idiopathic (6.32%), neoplastic (1.05%) and degenerative (44.21%). The most common neurolocalization was at the CNS level (86.32%). Conclusions. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that degenerative diseases represented most of the neurological casuistry. The highest frequency of cases occurred in young canine patients, males of mixed breeds. The most frequent neuroanatomical site of lesions was in the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar level.
2019
Objectives: To investigate dogs with acute onset of intracranial signs suspected of stroke by primary veterinary clinicians, and establish possible differential diagnoses and long-term outcome. Additionally, serum C-reactive protein and plasma cytokines were investigated as potential biomarkers of disease. Methods: All cases were evaluated by neurologic examination, routine haematology and biochemistry and measurement of serum C-reactive protein, plasma cytokine concentrations (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF) and low-field MRI. Results: Primary veterinarians contacted the investigators with 85 suspected stroke cases. Only twenty met the inclusion criteria. Of these, two were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. Other causes were idiopathic vestibular syndrome (n = 6), brain tumour (n = 5), and inflammatory brain disease (n = 2); in five cases a precise diagnosis could not be determined. Median survival times were: brain tumour, 3 days, idiopathic vestibular syndrome, 315days, ischaemic st...
Veterinarski žurnal Republike Srpske, 2021
When dogs or cats get seizures, epileptic seizures and epilepsy are usually thought of. However, it is important to take into account the existence of seizures that are similar to epileptic seizures but do not belong to epileptic seizures (non-epileptic seizures). Nonepileptic seizures occur suddenly, are short-term, disappear as quickly as they occur, recur and have no epileptic etiology and can be of non-neurological and neurological origin. Unlike non-epileptic seizures, epileptic seizures have a specific neural origin and represent excessive, synchronous, usually self-limiting epileptic activity of brain neurons. Epileptic seizures should be distinguished from reactive seizures because reactive seizures occur as a natural response of a healthy brain to transient disorders (metabolic or toxic in nature) and they disappear after the cause ceases to act. Absolute confirmation that it is an epileptic seizure can be difficult because it requires both visualization of the seizure and registration of changes on the EEG. In practice, the suspicion that epileptic seizures occurs is based on information from the medical history and videos. In making a differential diagnosis when an seizure occurs, it is necessary to take into account the age of infected animals, the presence of clinical signs other than the seizure, the presence or absence of disease progression, video recording, blood counts and blood biochemical parameters results, CST test results, and X-ray, MRI or CT findings. The first step in a diagnosis is to determine whether the lesion that leads to the onset of the seizure is localized extracranially or intracranially. If the lesion is localized extracranially, it should be determined whether the problem originates outside the body (poisoning with xylitol, organophosphates, chocolate) or from the body (hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, kidney disease, etc.). If the process is localized intracranially, it should be determined whether the process is progressive (tumor, inflammation, hydrocephalus, etc.) or not.
Behavioural Signs and Neurological Disorders in Dogs and Cats
Mathews journal of veterinary science, 2016
Disseminated protothecosis with central nervous system involvement in a dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 176(10), 987-993. 23. Carmichael S, Griffiths IR and Harvey MJ. (1983). Familial cerebellar ataxia with hydrocephalus in bull mastiffs. Veteri
Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2017
The current retrospective study includes 99 canine and 15 feline cases with neurologic disease accompanied by neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities (blindness, strabismus, nystagmus, anisocoria, miosis, mydriasis, Horner’s syndrome). All cases were presented in the Companion Animal Clinic of the School of Veterinary Medicine – Faculty of Health Sciences (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) over a six-year period (2010-2015). The most frequent presenting complaints were head tilt (22/99) and paresis/paralysis (22/99) in dogs and head tilt (3/15) and ataxia (3/15) in cats. The most common neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities were strabismus (55/99) in dogs and anisocoria (7/15) in cats. The localization of lesions was found to be multifocal (38/99), and focal, in the vestibular system (37/99) in dogs, whilst in cats it was solely multifocal (6/15). An etiological diagnosis was reached only in 48 dogs and 10 cats; the former were mainly diagnosed with distemper encephalitis/myelitis (8/48) and congenital hydrocephalus (6/48) and the latter mostly with encephalitis (5/10). Neuro-ophthalmological examination as well as the correlation of the observed abnormalities with the overall neurological symptomatology is important for the neuroanatomic diagnosis, the assessment of severity and prognosis of the respected mainly diseases.
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 1994
The purpose of this study was to report the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and histological data derived from a study of 34 cats with noninflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease, and to report the activities of the enzymes lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transferase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) in the CSF from 15 cats with a variety of CNS diseases. The cats were part of a study of 61 cats that were admitted to two university clinics because of signs of CNS disease. The most frequent noninflammatory diseases were neoplasia (n = 12) and ischemic encephalopathy (n = 4). The majority of cats with CNS neoplasia had a mild increase in CSF protein concentration (less than 1 g/L [100 mg/dL]), an increased percentage of neutrophils or lymphocytes, and a normal total white cell count. Cats with ischemic encephalopathy (IE) had a mild to moderate increase in CSF protein concentration (< or = 2 g/L [200 mg/dL]) and a mild increase in white cell count (< or = 10 c...
Veterinary Record, 2017
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition in dogs and cats. Although an increased likelihood of significant brain lesions with age has been identified in neurologically normal dogs with epileptic seizures, the underlying aetiology of epileptic seizures in cats that present with normal physical and neurological examinations remains unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we examined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a large population of cats with a normal interictal physical and neurological examination. We hypothesised that age would have an impact on the prevalence of detectable lesions. First, following the guidelines for dogs and in accordance with previous studies, we divided the cats into three age groups (aged 1 year or younger, between 1 and 6 and older than 6) and calculated the proportion of cats with a detectable lesion on MRI in these groups. In the first group, 3/32 cats (9.4%) had significant MRI abnormalities that were all consistent with congenital malformation; in the second group, only 5/92 (5.4%) MRI scans were abnormal and in the third group, 15/ 65 (23.1%) cats showed abnormal findings that were predominantly lesions of neoplastic origin. Second, to investigate the impact of age further, data were investigated as a continuous variable using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. This indicated an optimal cut off age of 5 years, above which MRI abnormalities were more likely, with an increase in the odds of a significant structural lesion increasing by 14% per year.