Promoting Media Literacy Online: An Intervention on Performance and Appearance Enhancement Substances with Sport High School Students (original) (raw)
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Frontiers in psychology, 2017
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a media literacy intervention targeting, for the first time, the specific topic of Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAESs) use in high-school students. Overall, 389 students (52% male) aged between 13 and 19 years (mean = 16.56 year; SD = 1.26) participated to a media literacy intervention (i.e., "intervention group") while 103 students aged between 14 and 19 year (mean = 16.10 year; SD = 1.38) were considered as the control group (i.e., "control group"). In two separate occasions over the course of six consecutive months, students in both groups filled out a set of questionnaires which included measures of social-cognitive beliefs (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, intentions) and a self-reported measure of retrospective use of doping (Yes/No) and supplements (Yes/No). Compared to students in the control group (Mean(time1) = 1.96; SD(time1) = 0.85; and Mean(time2) = 2.09; SD(time2) = 0.94...
Frontiers in Psychology, 2020
With respect to both competitive and amateur/fitness sports, media may strongly influence young people’s opinions and behaviors concerning the use of PAES (Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances). The present investigation addressed this topic by focusing on sport sciences students’ beliefs concerning the possible role of media related to the implementation and evaluation of a PAES-focus media literacy intervention conducted with sport science students. This study relied on a sample of 521 students (attrition rate 10.3%) (45.1% female, mean age = 22.6, SD = 2.20), which provided baseline data on students’ levels of media literacy concerning the use of PAES (i.e. “descriptive sample”), and a sample of 248 students, who participated in and provided data on the media literacy intervention. This latter sample included a group of 128 students (44.5% female, mean age = 23.03, SD = 3.76) who actively participated in the intervention (i.e. “intervention group”), and a group of 120 students who did not (i.e. “control group”, 53.3% female, mean age = 22.25, SD = 2.47). All students filled out media literacy questionnaires targeting students’ awareness of media influence, their views about the realism of media content, their sense of confidence in dealing with media messages, and their positive attitudes toward PAES use. Analyses of questionnaire data showed that students are relatively aware of media influence on people’s views and behaviors with respect to PAES use. At the same time, students also believed that young people do not consider media as “realistic sources” of information; nonetheless, they also did not consider themselves entirely capable of dealing effectively with media messages. With respect to the intervention, students overall appreciated and greatly welcomed the educational program on media literacy, and the analyses of intervention data across intervention and control groups showed that key media literacy variables changed over time, attesting to the overall effectiveness of the intervention.
Media Literacy and Health Promotion for Adolescents
2011
The National Association for Media Literacy Education’s Journal of Media Literacy Education 3:1 (2011) 25 28 Media Literacy and Health Promotion for Adolescents Lynda Bergsma College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Introduction The mass media rank among the most important socialization agents influencing the health behaviors of today’s youth, with some researchers estimating that youth spend 33-50% of their waking hours with some form of media (Strasburger and Wilson 2002). The impact of the media on health and the large amount of time adolescents spend with media make it critical to address related health concerns, especially because adolescents’ developing brains are not adequately equipped to critically analyze and interpret the large number of mixed messages about health that they receive from the media. This essay examines the young field of health-promoting media literacy education research among youth, including theoretical foundations, issues of peda...
Mass media for Health Communication and behavioural change: A theoretical framework
University of Mysore, 2016
Health communication is a technique of informing, influencing, and motivating individuals, institutions, and public at large about important health issues. Mass media have an important role in health communication. The objective of this study is to investigate this role of mass media in health communication. A systematic review of different health campaigns based on health communication theories and models for attitudinal and behavioural changes have been done. Research papers related to health communication theories and models for attitudinal and behavioural changes published in peer reviewed journals have been reviewed for the purpose. These research papers were selected through multiple searches with different key words such as ‘health communication theories’, ‘television and HIV/AIDS’, ‘health communication for behavioural changes’, on INFLIBNET online library such as Jstor, Taylor and Francis, Willey Blackwell etc. The study finds that driven by different theories and models, mass media are using communication strategies such as infotainment/edutainment and are using Sitcoms and Suspense thrillers in developing countries for creating health awareness and for attitudinal and behavioural changes. The study also indicates that television is a powerful tool for informing, influencing and motivating people towards achieving desired behaviour particularly in relation to HIV/AIDS and other health related issues which warrant attitudinal and behavioural changes.
Media Health Literacy (MHL): development and measurement of the concept among adolescents
Health Education Research, 2011
Increasing media use among adolescents and its significant influence on health behavior warrants in-depth understanding of their response to media content. This study developed the concept and tested a model of Media Health Literacy (MHL), examined its association with personal/socio-demographic determinants and reported sources of health information, while analyzing its role in promoting empowerment and health behavior (cigarette/water-pipe smoking, nutritional/dieting habits, physical/ sedentary activity, safety/injury behaviors and sexual behavior). The school-based study included a representative sample of 1316 Israeli adolescents, grades 7, 9 and 11, using qualitative and quantitative instruments to develop the new measure. The results showed that the MHL measure is highly scalable (0.80) includes four sequenced categories: identification/recognition, critical evaluation of health content in media, perceived influence on adolescents and intended action/reaction. Multivariate analysis showed that MHL was significantly higher among girls (b 5 1.25, P < 0.001), adolescents whose mothers had higher education (b 5 0.16, P 5 0.04), who report more adult/interpersonal sources of health information (b 5 0.23, P < 0.01) and was positively associated with health empowerment (b 5 0.36, P < 0.0005) and health behavior (b 5 0.03, P 5 0.05). The findings suggest that as a determinant of adolescent health behavior, MHL identifies groups at risk and may provide a basis for health promotion among youth.
The Role of Media in Promoting Health Education
Silver Jubilee College Publication, 2015
A clearer understanding of the range of mass media delivery channels; the changing and converging media environment; the communication inequalities that exist; social, institutional, cultural, and policy influences; and new and existing theoretical and methodological frameworks are all necessary to understand the complex influence of mass media on population health. Addressing these issues, both in the study and in practice, will undoubtedly help researchers and health professionals harness the best practices of communication and the mass media to improve individual and population health. ----Viswanath, Wallington, and Blake.
Effectiveness of health-promoting media literacy education: a systematic review
Health Education Research, 2008
Media literacy education to promote health among youth involves them in a critical examination of media messages that promote risky behaviors and influence their perceptions and practices. Research on its effectiveness is in its infancy. Studies to date have been conducted with more or less rigor and achieved differing results, leaving many questions about effectiveness unanswered. To elucidate some of these questions, we conducted a systematic review of selected health-promoting media literacy education evaluation/research studies, guided by the following research question: What are the context and process elements of an effective health-promoting media literacy education intervention? Based on extensive analysis of 28 interventions, our findings provide a detailed picture of a small, 16-to 17-year (1990 to July 2006) body of important research, including citation information, health issue, target population/N/age, research design, intervention length and setting, concepts/skills taught, who delivered the intervention and ratings of effectiveness. The review provides a framework for organizing research about media literacy education which suggests that researchers should be more explicit about the media literacy core con-cepts/skills they are including in their interventions, and should more carefully address who delivered the intervention with what fidelity, in what setting, for how long and utilizing what pedagogical approach.
Health promotion through mass media
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 1992
People adopt behavioral patterns consistent with events observed in their environments, including television portrayals. Although television programs frequently portray unhealthy styles of living, a vast potential exists for people to learn healthy patterns of behavior from media presentations. The purpose of this article is to examine interactions between the person and television that capitalize upon environmental features associated with healthy life styles. In particular, we advance the hypothesis that people act upon media messages which advocate healthy life styles when they perceive the messages as personally relevant and when they believe that they can translate those messages into personal actions. The challenge for the television medium is to present content about healthy life styles in a manner that people can understand, remember, and which motivates them to act-either by altering unhealthy patterns of living (intervention) or by refusing to partake in these patterns in the first place (prevention). AGENTIC ACTION, SELF-EFFICACY, AND HEALTH When people believe that they can control the events around them, their health is enhanced (Bandura, 1986). Even institutionalized elderly people who control simple events like watering a plant improve their sense of well-being (Langer & Rodin, 1976). Findings from diverse sectors suggest that health is promoted when people believe themselves to be active agents who control events that occur in their environments. In social-cognitive theory, attention, retention, motivation, and behavior are regulated by self-efficacy, one's belief about personal control (Bandura, 1986). However, a person must have a sense of self in order to evaluate the outcomes of actions and to develop beliefs about how effective they are in those endeavors. In
Imperative role of mass media to change human-health related behaviours: A review
Mass Media, in general refers to a form of communication that is to a large group(s) of people. In this 21 st century, mass media and its tools are becoming very popular among various different fields. One can also say that mass media has touched the globe as each and every social issue as well as national and international problems have been addressed on the tools of the mass media. Moreover it helps in awaking people about miscellaneous activities happening around the world and hence helps people to be up to date. In this era, people live very sedentary lifestyle where they have no time to contribute to health and fitness. But health is a major concern in life and one should know how to keep themselves fit even in a busy and hectic schedule. It is a fact that mass media has contributed in awakening humans towards good health and good health practices. Mass media and mass media campaigns can produce positive changes or prevent negative changes in health-related behaviours across large populations throughout the globe. Here, this review focuses on the importance of mass media and mass media campaigns in changing human health related behaviours.
Mass Media for Public Health Messages: Reviews of the Evidence
Public Health Research, 2018
Background: Mass media campaigns can be used to communicate public health messages at the population level. Although previous research has shown that they can influence health behaviours in some contexts, there have been few attempts to synthesise evidence across multiple health behaviours. Objectives: To: review evidence on the effective use of mass media in six health topic areas (alcohol, diet, illicit drugs, physical activity, sexual and reproductive health, and tobacco); examine whether effectiveness varies with different target populations; identify characteristics of mass media campaigns associated with effectiveness; and identify key research gaps. Design: (A) A systematic review of reviews; (B) a review of primary studies examining alcohol mass media campaigns; (C) a review of cost-effectiveness evidence; (D) a review of recent primary studies of mass media campaigns conducted in the UK. A logic model was developed to inform the reviews. Public engagement activities were conducted with policy, practitioner and academic stakeholders and with young people. Results: The amount and strength of evidence varies across the six topics, and there was little evidence regarding diet campaigns. There was moderate evidence that mass media campaigns can reduce sedentary behaviour and influence sexual health-related behaviours and treatment-seeking behaviours (eg. use of smoking quitlines and sexual health services). Impact on tobacco use and physical activity was mixed, there was limited evidence of impact on alcohol use and no impact on illicit drug behaviours. Mass media campaigns were found to increase knowledge and awareness across several topics, and to influence intentions regarding physical activity and smoking. Tobacco and illicit drug campaigns appeared to be more effective for young people and children but there was no or inconsistent evidence regarding effectiveness by gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. There was moderate evidence that tobacco mass media campaigns are cost-effective, but weak or limited evidence in other topic areas. Although there was limited evidence on characteristics associated with effectiveness, longer or greater intensity campaigns were found to be more effective, and messages were important, with positive and negative messages and social norms messages affecting smoking behaviour. The evidence suggested that targeting messages to target audiences can be effective. There was little evidence from regarding the role that theory or media channels may play in campaign effectiveness, and also limited evidence on new media. Limitations: Statistical synthesis was not possible due to considerable heterogeneity across reviews and studies. The focus on review-level evidence limited our ability to examine intervention characteristics in detail. Conclusions: Overall the evidence is mixed but suggests that: campaigns can reduce sedentary behaviour, improve sexual health and contribute to smoking cessation; tobacco control campaigns can be cost-effective; longer and more intensive campaigns are likely to be more effective; message design and targeting campaigns to particular population groups can be effective. Future work: Future work could fill evidence gaps regarding diet mass media campaigns and new media campaigns, examine cost-effectiveness in areas other than tobacco, and explore the specific contribution of mass media campaigns to multi-component interventions and how local, regional and national campaigns can work together.