Cage aquaculture : regional reviews and global overview (original) (raw)
Related papers
5th International Symposium onCage Aquaculture in Asia Programme Guide
2015
Even though cage aquaculture has been widely practised in fresh and marine waters globally over the past five decades, water bodies in Asia remain underutilised. The widening gap between demand and supply for fishery products can be best met by placing a greater emphasis on cage culture. Ever since the first symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia held in 1999, the event provided a valuable platform for researchers and stakeholders to interact and discuss research outcomes, socioeconomic implications and environmental issues associated with cage based aquaculture. The 5 th International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia (CAA5) is being organised by the Asian Fisheries Society and the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), in association with the Asian Fisheries Society Indian Branch, from the 25 th to 28 th of November 2015 at Kochi, India. The event will cover an array of topics related to cage culture under the broad headings of Marine Production Systems, Inland Production Systems, Breeding and Seed Production, Nutrition and Feed, Health and Environment Management and Economics, Livelihood and Policies. CAA5 will feature a Symposium Theme Lecture, Keynote addresses, lead talks and invited presentations from a galaxy of international experts in the field of aquaculture, as well as oral and poster presentations pertaining to recent advances and research activities in the field. We have received over 150 submissions and the best of those selected for the Symposium are summarised in this book of abstracts. On behalf of CAA5, I thank the researchers who shared the results of their hard work with us. We also express our gratitude to the speakers who accepted our invitation to share their valuable experiences and knowledge with us. It is hoped the information collected in this publication will prove useful to policy makers, researchers and aquaculturists in promoting sustainable cage based aquaculture activities in the Asian region.
5th International Symposium onCage Aquaculture in Asia Book of Abstracts
2015
The 5th International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia (CAA5) is being organised by the Asian Fisheries Society and the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), in association with the Asian Fisheries Society Indian Branch, from the 25th to 28th of November 2015 at Kochi, India. The event will cover an array of topics related to cage culture under the broad headings of Marine Production Systems, Inland Production Systems, Breeding and Seed Production, Nutrition and Feed, Health and Environment Management and Economics, Livelihood and Policies.
Souvenir : 5th International Symposium onCage Aquaculture in Asia
2015
I am sure, the Symposium will deliberate on key issues of cage culture, including, Production Systems, Breedng and Seed Production, Nutrition and Feed, Health and Environment Management, and Economics, Livelihood and Policies. I wish the Symposium, a grand success.
Site and species selection in sea cage aquaculture
2014
Cage culture is an utilisation of existing water bodies with little or no economic costs. The selection of a suitable site for a cage farm is indispensible for their effective function, particularly in relation to proper water quality within the cage and reduced environmental impacts around the cage and for the economic viability of the cage farm. The natural tolerance of species should be studied for assessment of suitable site.
The success of aquaculture in Taiwan over the years has resulted in tremendous capital investment and the development of advanced techniques and technologies. However, after the collapse of the shrimp farming industry in the late 1980s, the government has devoted much effort to the development of modern offshore fish farming as a top priority for its national aquaculture plan. The recent and continuing expansion of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cage farming in inshore areas, and the intention to develop offshore potential, has led to questions on the degree of the ecological impact that can be anticipated in the future. In this paper we first briefly review the history of aquaculture development in Taiwan particularly focusing on marine cage culture. We then outline the challenges facing Taiwanese cage aquaculture including potential environmental impacts.
Aquaculture with floating and submersible cage
Gianluigi Negroni
The caged aquaculture industry has grown rapidly in the last 20 years and is evolving in response to globalisation pressures and the growing demand for aquatic products. Rapid population growth, increasing wealth and urbanisation in developing countries are leading to major changes in the supply and demand for animal protein-both land and fish. There was an orientation towards the integration of cage farms horizontally and vertically with hatcheries and feed mills, and towards the development and use of more modern cage systems. In particular, the need for suitable sites has allowed access and expansion of aquaculture cages in new areas not yet used, such as lakes, water retention reservoirs, rivers and brackish marine waters, coastal marine and offshore-shore. We will consider the HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) cages that are currently very wide spreads. Although the origins of the use of cages for the containment and transport of fish for short periods were used almost two centuries ago in the Asian region, we can think of an earlier use in the indigenous practices of nomadic fishermen who live on boats on the Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap in Vietnam and Cambodia. The marine cage culture was pioneered in the 1970s, with the great development of salmonid breeding in Northern Europe and particularly in Norway. The farming systems where cages are used are very diversified, like the number of species bred. Rearing operations in traditional cages (typical of most Southeast Asian countries) consist of small cages and are in contrast to modern production operations of industrial cages for salmon and trout on a large scale in Northern Europe and the Americas (more than 50 metres diameter and 20 meters deep). The type and uses of different cages adapt to the environment and the economic objectives of the various environmental areas must adapt to the cages and related mooring equipment. The rapid growth and success of the salmonids farming industry is due to a combination of interrelated factors, including the development and use of easily replicable and cost-effective technology (including the production of the hatchery), access to large areas of suitable water, a good selection of species and market acceptability, possibility of large corporate investments and good national regulation of the aquaculture sector in cages. It is important to understand the challenges for cage culture development and in particular the need to minimise the rapidly growing potential environmental and the sector ecosystem impacts. Challenges of using aquaculture cages We have a number of general issues to consider when approaching the challenges of using aquaculture cages. It is important to consider the breeding system and the consequent real
Technological Approaches to Longline- and Cage-Based Aquaculture in Open Ocean Environments
Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean, 2017
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Requirements to establish an offshore cage operation in SEA
Cage aquaculture has grown rapidly in recent decades and is currently undergoing rapid development in response to escalating worldwide global demand for aquatic products. Cage farming in brackish and coastal waters in Asia is relatively recent with the majority of marine finfish aquaculture grown in cages. Open sea cage farming in Asia is not common. Inland fresh water cage farming in lakes, reservoirs and rivers is presently the dominant form of cage farming in Asia. Over the last 20 years there has been the development of clusters of small scale cage farmers located in sheltered coastal locations. The predominant countries engaged in this activity are China, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Korea and Viet Nam. Marine and brackishwater cage farming is diverse, with a variety of species being cultured at varying intensities. The main species farmed in brackishwaters are the barramundi or Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) and the milkfish (Chanos chanos). In coastal marine cage farming species such as amberjacks (Seriola spp.) and and snappers (Lutjanus spp.) are farmed and the cage farming of groupers (Epinephalus spp.) and cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is gaining ground, the former particularly to cater to the live-fish restaurant trade. Almost all cage farming of these species is based on hatchery-produced fry and the use of pelleted feed.
Environmental Management of Fish Cage Aquaculture
Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research, 2021
Most modern fish culture involves the intensive input of nutrients in the form of feed, yet only a small proportion of these nutrients is converted into the target product; they can be largely lost to bacterial degradation. However, when compared with other livestock production systems, aquaculture has better feed conversion efficiency and feed conversion ratios (FCRs) are continuing to improve. High levels of nutrients from fish cages may cause eutrophication and thus may affect fisheries adversely, but on the contrary, the additional nutrients from the feed may have a beneficial effect, boosting natural productivity including fisheries. The important components of fish farming waste comprise nutrients (dissolved and particulate) resulting from the metabolism of fish food, uneaten food, escapees of farmed fish affecting the genetic diversity of wild fish populations and chemical residues of disease or parasitic therapeutant treatments. Potential management measures to mitigate environmental impacts include public and private sector approaches. The public sector approaches include appropriate and specific aquaculture policies, strategies, regulations, legislation, and management plans, adoption and implementation of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) and Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA) strategies for planning, management, monitoring, and control. Zoning for aquaculture space is to be based on the allocation of aquafarms on suitable areas, appropriate evaluation of carrying capacity of the ecosystem, planning and management for disease prevention and treatment and environmental control. Appropriate control of farm permits, licences, and registration by the state is necessary to monitor and control aquaculture development. The private sector approaches include improved feed formulation and feeding strategies to reduce the feed conversion ratio and nutrient losses, the use of Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) to utilise nutrient outputs from intensive aquaculture and thus regular environmental monitoring is the key to ensure that impacts remain within acceptable limits. (Key words: Aquaculture certification, Aquaculture impacts, Better management practices, Environmental management, Fish cage culture, Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture).
Engineering consideration for cage aquaculture
IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2014
Cage aquaculture has grown very rapidly during the past 20 years and is presently undergoing rapid changes in response to pressure from globalization and growing global demand for aquatic products. A cage represents a delineated volume in the body of water where the aquatic organism can be farmed. Designing and engineering are major components for cage aquaculture and it is essential to select ideal construction material, proper designing, suitable mooring and good management practices in bringing out commercial cage aquaculture which is quite simple and economically feasible. A range of cage systems is now potentially available for off-shore mariculture in world, though not all of these may prove to be effective in the intended environmental conditions and production regimes. The cost of installation and operation is also very critical. This paper provides an overview of the engineering components, and gives a brief description about various engineering materials.