Association of Adiponectin with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Western U (original) (raw)
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A Study of Correlation of Adiponectin Levels in Metabolic Syndrome
European Medical Journal
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also known as insulin resistance syndrome, is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic symptoms such as high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, or insulin resistance. MetS is one of the most serious public health problems being faced globally. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine its prevalence, as well as the relationship between blood adiponectin levels and the development of MetS. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed in the Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2019–June 2020. Sixty patients attending the medicine out- or inpatient department, who confirmed consent, and fit into the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) inclusion criteria for MetS, were recruited for this study. The final sample size for this study was found to be 60, with a prevalence o...
Plasma adiponectin in overweight, nondiabetic individuals with or without insulin resistance
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2003
Aim: Adiponectin is a protein produced exclusively by adipocytes with putative insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic properties. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between plasma adiponectin and a range of anthropometric, glycaemic, lipid and inflammatory parameters in overweight and obese subjects expressing characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Subjects were selected for the study from a clinical database, if they were non-diabetic, overweight [body mass index (BMI) > 25] and had features of the metabolic syndrome. The subjects were grouped according to BMI (25-30, 31-35 and >35 kg/m 2 ) and then stratified for insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) %S]. One hundred and ninety-seven patients (109 males and 88 females) were selected for the study by taking an equal number with the highest and lowest HOMA indices from each of the three BMI groups. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay, and the relationship between these levels and the other parameters was investigated using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Plasma adiponectin concentration was higher in females than males (median 10.3 vs. 7.1 mg/ml, p < 0.001) despite being matched for BMI. In both genders, adiponectin levels were inversely related to BMI, waist circumference, percentage body fat, insulin resistance and the fasting plasma concentration of leptin. A direct correlation in both sexes was found between adiponectin levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and age. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the independent determinants of low plasma adiponectin concentrations were gender, age, BMI, insulin resistance and HDL-cholesterol. An association between reduced adiponectin and increased high-sensitivity plasma C-reactive protein concentration was observed only in female subjects and was independent of anthropometric variables. Our observation that adiponectin levels increase with age differs from the majority of other studies and may simply reflect the demographics of the population studied. Conclusions: This study shows that adiponectin is an important molecular link between obesity, insulin resistance and atherogenic lipoproteins. It is possible that plasma adiponectin concentration may be a convenient marker for identifying subjects with the metabolic syndrome who may progress to impaired glucose tolerance. Longitudinal studies are required in order to verify this clinical application of adiponectin.
SERUM ADIPONECTIN LEVEL IN OBESE AND NON OBESE TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Back ground: Worldwide diabetes mellitus is no more an epidemic; rather it has turned into a pandemic health hazard. Association of obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus is an established fact. This association could be partly mediated by altered secretion of adipokines by adipose tissue. Among all adipokines, adiponectin has been considered as an important factor in obesity induced insulin resistance. This new hormone produced exclusively by adipocytes differs from its predecessors in at least one important feature. While all of the other adipose tissue derived hormones related to insulin resistance are increased in obesity, adiponectin production and concentration actually decreases in obese subjects. Objective: the study was taken up to investigate the relationship between adiponectin in obese and non obese type 2 diabetes, and also to find out the correlation between adiponectin and serum lipids in urban south Indian population. Method: The cases chosen for the study group were already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing treatment. All subjects were interviewed regarding a full medical history that included age, sex, occupation, duration and family history of diabetes mellitus. The general physical examination procedure included measurement of height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference. The biochemical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, serum adiponectin, HDL and triglyceride were measured. Result: The reduction of serum adiponectin in study group was highly significant as compared to control group but its difference between the two subgroups divided based on BMI did not give a statistically significant result. But on correlation of BMI with adiponectin in study group, the correlation coefficient was found to statistically highly significant. Similar correlation of waist-hip ratio (W/H) with adiponectin did not give a significant result. Conclusion: Adiponectin is lowered in obese non-diabetics affecting lipid metabolism showed by increase of LDL and TG and decrease of HDL. In obese diabetics adiponectin is high but dyslipidemia is still present possibly due to improper function of existing serum adiponectin.
Adiponectin: a link between excess adiposity and associated comorbidities?
Journal of Molecular Medicine-jmm, 2002
Adiponectin is a novel polypeptide that is highly specific to adipose tissue. In contrast to other adipocytokines, adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity and associated comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes. Decreased expression of adiponectin is correlated with insulin resistance. It has been suggested that several agents, such as tumor necrosis factor !, could mediate their effects on insulin metabolism
Lipids in Health and Disease
Background: Given the increasing rate of overweight and the burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease development, better understanding of the syndrome is of great importance. Therefore, the objectives were to examine whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin are associated with MetS, and whether this association is mediated by components of the MetS. Methods: During 2011-2012, 284 individuals (159 men, 53 ± 9 years, 125 women 52 ± 9 years) without cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, high-grade inflammatory disease, living in the greater Athens area, Greece, participated in clinical examination. Adiponectin and IL-6 were measured in fasting plasma samples. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. Results: MetS was present in 37 % (IDF) and 33 % (AHA/NHLBI) of the study population (P < 0.001). Adiponectin was inversely associated with MetS (odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval: 0.829, 0.762-0.902 for MetS-IDF, and 0.840, 0.772-0.914 for MetS-AHA/NHLBI). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentration mediated the association between adiponectin and MetS-IDF (z-test, standard error, P-value: 2.898, 0.012, 0.004, for BMI; 2.732, 0.012, 0.006 for waist circumference; 2.388, 0.011, 0.017 for HDL-cholesterol; 2.163, 0.010, 0.031 for triglyceride; 2. 539, 0.010, 0.011 for insulin). Similarly, BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentration mediated the association between adiponectin and MetS-AHA/NHLBI (z-test, standard error, P-value: 2.633, 0. 011, 0.008 for BMI; 2.441, 0.011, 0.015 for waist circumference; 1.980, 0.010, 0.048 for HDL-cholesterol; 2.225, 0.009, 0.026 for insulin). However, adiponectin remained significantly associated with MetS. IL-6 was not significantly associated with MetS. Conclusion: MetS components, in particular obesity and lipid indices, as well as serum insulin levels, mediate the association between adiponectin and MetS as defined by both the IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria.
Istanbul Medical Journal, 2012
Yağ dokusu enerji depolayan ve adiponektin salgılayan aktif bir endokrin organ olarak çalışır. Adiponektin düzeylerinin obezite ve metabolik sendromda azaldığı farkedilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, obez ve obez olmayan tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda adiponektin düzeylerinin ölçülmesi ve bunun diğer metabolik parametrelerle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya hastanemiz diyabet ve endokrinoloji polikliniklerine başvuran 46 obez, 38 obez olmayan hasta alındı. Antropometrik ve metabolik değişkenleri adiponektin düzeyleri ile karşılaştırıldı. Hastaların açlık kan şekeri, tokluk kan şekeri, üre, kreatinin, toplam protein, albümin, toplam kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, trigliserid, HbA 1c değerleri spektrofotometrik yöntemle ölçüldü. İnsülin düzeyleri elektrokemilüminesans, adiponektin ise sandviç-ELISA yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda obez tip 2 diyabetiklerin obez olmayanlara göre daha düşük adiponektin düzeylerine sahip olduğu görüldü (p=0.0001). Adiponektin düzeyleri düştükçe insülin direncinin ve bel çevresinin arttığı saptandı. Bu iki ölçütün adiponektin düzeyini tayin eden ana parametre olduğu gözlendi. Sonuç: İnsülin duyarlılığını arttıran antiyaterojenik ve antienflamatuvar özellikleri olan adiponektin obez diyabetiklerde obez olmayanlara göre düşüktür ve bu durum ateroskleroz riskini arttıran bir faktör olabilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Adiponektin; yağ dokusu; metabolik parametreler; obezite; tip 2 diabetes mellitus. SUMMARY Objectives: Adipose tissue stores energy and acts as an active endocrine organ that secretes adiponectin. It is noted that adiponectin level is decreased in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to measure the adiponectin levels of obese and non-obese patients previously diagnosed with type-2 diabetes and to evaluate the relationship of adiponectin with other metabolic parameters. Methods: The study included 46 obese and 38 non-obese diabetic patients who were admitted to the Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinics of our hospital. Their anthropomorphic and metabolic parameters were measured and were compared to the adiponectin levels. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride and HbA 1c levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Insulin levels were measured through electrochemiluminescence. Adiponectin was measured by sandwich ELISA technique. Results: Our study revealed that obese type-2 diabetic patients showed lower adiponectin levels in comparison to non-obese ones (p=0.0001). It was shown that the insulin resistance and waist circumference increased while adiponectin levels decreased. It was found that these were the two key parameters determining adiponectin levels. Conclusion: We conclude that adiponectin which increases insulin sensitivity and is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, was found to be lower in obese diabetics as compared to non-obese diabetics and this can be a factor increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
Study of plasma adiponectin level in patients with metabolic syndrome
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL). 1 Metabolic syndrome is a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes, with an increased incidence rate of 5 to 7-fold. The risk of developing CVD is approximately doubled in the metabolic syndrome. 2 Obesity, in particular visceral adiposity, is known to be associated with insulin resistance and a heterogeneous disorder, MS. MS is a cluster of interrelated common clinical disorders, including hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and dyslipidaemia, in addition to obesity. 3 It has been shown that visceral fat deposits are more metabolically active than their subcutaneous homologues, being particularly involved in the development of diseases associated with obesity, such as MS, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). 4 White adipose tissue plays a key role as an organ secreting numerous bioactive molecules called adipokines or adipocytokines. 5 The number of identified ABSTRACT Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of interrelated common clinical disorders, including hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and dyslipidaemia, in addition to obesity. Central obesity accompanied by insulin resistance is a keyfactor in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and future macro vascular complications. Adiponectin is the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, being a key component in the interrelationship between adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Hypoadiponectimia has already been associated with the risk of the MS in several populations. Plasma adiponectin level was measured in the current study to clarify its role as a biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: This study was conducted on 40 MS patients (Group I) compared with 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers (Group II). All patients and controls were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations in addition to plasma adiponectin level. Results: Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in subjects with MS when compared with subjects with no diagnosis of MS. There was significant negative correlation between plasma adiponectin and age, waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, serum insulin, and triglycerides. Also there was significant positive correlation between plasma adiponectin and HDL. Conclusion: We conclude that adiponectin levels could help as a biomarker for cases of MS.
Serum Levels of Adiponectin in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Obese Individuals
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 2007
Background: Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that low levels of this hormone are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of adiponectin in diabetic and non-diabetic obese individuals. Methods : As a cross-sectional study 35 obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 35 non-diabetic obese subjects were enrolled. Two groups were matched for age, gender and body mass index. Fasting lipid profile was measured via the enzymatic methods. The NycoCard HbA1c Kit was used to measure HbA1c.The Serum Adiponectin, insulin and glucose levels were measured via an enzyme immunoassay, using a commercially available kit and glucose oxidase methods, respectively. The HOMA and QUICKI indices were used to determine insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, respectively. Results: The mean of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride and fasting glucose in dia...
Prospective Study of Serum Adiponectin and Incident Metabolic Syndrome
Diabetes Care, 2012
OBJECTIVE Increased adiponectin levels may play a protective role in the development of metabolic abnormalities, but prospective studies of the predictive value of serum adiponectin to identify individuals at high risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome are lacking. We investigated whether serum adiponectin predicts incident cases of the metabolic syndrome in a population-based longitudinal study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted of 2,044 adults (831 men and 1,213 women) aged 40–70 years without metabolic syndrome examined in 2005–2008 (baseline) and 2008–2011 (follow-up). Baseline serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS During an average of 2.6 years of follow-up, 153 men (18.4%) and 199 women (16.4%) developed metabolic syndrome. In multivariable-adjusted models, the odds ratio for incident metabolic syndrome comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of adiponectin levels was 0.25 (95% CI 0.14–0.47) in men ...