Modelling of the Influence of Tire Characteristics on Stability of Motion with Using Vehicle at a Scale (original) (raw)
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Conducting approval tests of vehicles, especially in the case of trucks outfitted with special bodywork in many cases is difficult or impossible to carry out and unprofitable. For this reason, it is proposed to assess of the stability and vehicle dynamics use the theory of similarity, on the basis of the vehicle on a 1:5 scale. The possibility of transferring the results of a full size vehicle requires compliance of selected dimensionless parameters, including tire parameters. The paper shows the various types of tires test, under static conditions and installed in the vehicle. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of directional and cornering stiffness and the answer how they affect on the behavior of the vehicle including: sideslip angle the center of gravity, inclination angle, yaw rate and gradients of acceleration.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering
This paper presents a comparison of the characteristics of the tyres of a full-size vehicle with the tyres of a physical model scaled 1:5. This is a continuation of studies on the use of a scaled vehicle to test the stability of a vehicle. The results presented are based on analysis of a scaled vehicle and a full-size vehicle on a stand and during road tests. Tests were carried out involving manoeuvres based on the ISO standard. The effects of the differences in the construction of the tyres of the scaled vehicle and their impact on the tyre characteristics and its behaviour during testing were compared. This paper presents the results of a comparison of selected parameters of motion for a real vehicle and for a mobile scale model. These tests allowed a statement to be made about the suitability of the used tyres and the entire physical model for lateral stability analysis of a full-size vehicle.
Vehicle dynamics and tire models: An overview
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021
Stability control system plays a significant role in vehicle dynamics to improve the vehicle handling and achieve better stability performance. In order to study and evaluate the performance of the vehicles in addition to how to control it, it is necessary to identify obtain some models related to the dynamics of the vehicle as well as the tire models. This paper presents fundamentals of vehicle dynamics by introducing vehicle models and tire model, which have been widely adopted for vehicle motion control. This helps to get a basic idea of what parameters and states of a vehicle are important in vehicle motion control. This work is separated into four sections: vehicle planar model, full vehicle model, two degrees of freedom vehicle model (bicycle model) to design the controller, and wheel dynamic model.
The application of physical models in scale to test of vehicle lateral stability
Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics : Łódź, 2015.12.07
The issue of the article has been dedicated the possibility of using physical models of vehicles in the scale in the research of motion dynamics. In paper discussed the problems of lateral stability of vehicle motion. Particular attention was paid to the danger of rollover, which occurs especially in commercial vehicles of high center of gravity position. Problem concerning the construction of the model, control and selection of research equipment was discussed. During the construction of vehicle model in scale, the research and analysis of the results, was used the theory of similarity of -Buckingham. Comparative tests were carried for full-size vehicle, having a high center of gravity, and model of the vehicle made in the scale of 1: 5. Described the tests used in the research of vehicle dynamics and especially in terms of roll stability. In the end of the paper was made comparison of the research results of stability motion of full-size firefighting car with vehicle model in scale.
Assessment of Tire Features for Modeling Vehicle Stability in Case of Vertical Road Excitation
Applied Sciences, 2021
Two trends could be observed in the evolution of road transport. First, with the traffic becoming increasingly intensive, the motor road infrastructure is developed; more advanced, greater quality, and more durable materials are used; and pavement laying and repair techniques are improved continuously. The continued growth in the number of vehicles on the road is accompanied by the ongoing improvement of the vehicle design with the view towards greater vehicle controllability as the key traffic safety factor. The change has covered a series of vehicle systems. The tire structure and materials used are subject to continuous improvements in order to provide the maximum possible grip with the road pavement. New solutions in the improvement of the suspension and driving systems are explored. Nonetheless, inevitable controversies have been encountered, primarily, in the efforts to combine riding comfort and vehicle controllability. Practice shows that these systems perform to a satisfact...
Fidelity of using scaled vehicles for chassis dynamic studies
Vehicle System Dynamics, 2009
There are many situations where physical testing of a vehicle or vehicle controller is necessary, yet use of a full-size vehicle is not practical. Some situations include implementation testing of novel actuation strategies, analyzing the behavior of chassis feedback control under system faults, or near-unstable situations such as limit handling under driver-assist feedback control. Historically, many have advocated the use of scale vehicles as surrogates for larger vehicles. This article presents analysis and experimental testing that examines the fidelity of using scaled vehicles for vehicle chassis dynamics and control studies. In support of this effort, this work introduces an experimental system called the Pennsylvania State University Rolling Roadway Simulator (the PURRS). In the PURRS, a custom-built scale-sized vehicle is freely driven on a moving roadway surface. While others have used scale-vehicle rolling roadway simulators in the past, this work is the first to attempt to directly match the planar dynamic performance of the scale-sized vehicle to a specific full-sized vehicle by careful design of the scale vehicle. This article explains details of this effort including vehicle dynamic modeling, detailed measurement of model parameters, conditions for dynamic similitude, validation of the resulting experimental vehicle in the time, frequency, and dimensionless domains. The results of the dynamic comparisons between scale-and full-sized vehicles clearly illustrate operational regimes where agreement is quite good, and other regimes where agreement is quite poor. Both are useful to understand the applicability of scale-vehicle results to full-size vehicle analysis. 2 S. Lapapong et al.
The most powerful engine, the most sophisticated aerodynamic devices or the most complex control systems will not improve vehicle performances if the forces exchanged with the road are not optimized by proper employment and knowledge of tyres. The vehicle interface with the ground is constituted by the sum of small surfaces, wide about as one of our palms, in which tyre/road interaction forces are exchanged. From this it is clear to see how the optimization of tyre behaviour represents a key-factor in the definition of the best setup of the whole vehicle. Nowadays, people and companies playing a role in automotive sector are looking for the optimal solution to model and understand tyre's behaviour both in experimental and simulation environments. The studies carried out and the tool developed herein demonstrate a new approach in tyre characterization and in vehicle simulation procedures. This enables the reproduction of the dynamic response of a tyre through the use of specific track sessions, carried out with the aim to employ the vehicle as a moving lab. The final product, named TRICK tool (Tyre/Road Interaction Characterization & Knowledge), comprises of a vehicle model which processes experimental signals acquired from vehicle CAN bus and from sideslip angle estimation additional instrumentation. The output of the tool is several extra "virtual telemetry" channels, based on the time history of the acquired signals and containing force and slip estimations, useful to provide tyre interaction characteristics. TRICK results can be integrated with the physical models developed by the Vehicle Dynamics UniNa research group, providing a multitude of working solutions and constituting an ideal instrument for the prediction and the simulation of the real tyre dynamics.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OFF-ROAD CAPABLE TIRE MODEL FOR VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS
The tire is one of the most complex subsystems of the vehicle. It is, however, the least understood of all the components of a car. Without a good tire model, the vehicle simulation handling response will not be realistic, especially for maneuvers that require a combination of braking/traction and cornering. Most of the simplified theoretical developments in tire modeling, however, have been limited to on-road tire models. With the availability of powerful computers, it can be noted that majority of the work done in the development of off-road tire models have mostly been focused on creating better Finite Element, Discrete Element, or Boundary Element models.