Effects of Transformer’s Turn Ratio Mismatch Towards the Performance of Dual Active Bridge Converter (original) (raw)
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Solid-State Transformer Architecture Using AC–AC Dual-Active-Bridge Converter
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013
Modern development of semiconductor power switching devices has promoted the use of power electronic converters as power transformers at distribution level. This work presents an ac-ac dual active bridge (DAB) converter for a solid state transformer. The proposed converter topology consists of two active H-bridges and one high-frequency transformer. Fourquadrant switch cells are used to allow bidirectional power flow. Because power is controlled by the phase shift between two bridges, output voltage can be regulated when input voltage changes. This work analyzes the steady-state operation and the range of zero-voltage switching. It develops a switch commutation scheme for the ac-ac DAB converters. Experiment results from a scaled down prototype are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
An Analysis-Supported Design of a Single Active Bridge (SAB) Converter
Energies, 2022
Currently, due to its various applications, the high-performance isolated dc-dc converter is in demand. In applications where unidirectional power transfer is required, the single active bridge (SAB) is the most suitable one due to its simplicity and ease of control. The general schematic of the SAB converter consists of an active bridge and a passive bridge, which are connected through a high-frequency transformer thus isolated. The paper summarizes the behavior of this converter in its three operation modes, namely the continuous, discontinuous, and boundary modes. Later, the features of this converter, such as its input-to-output and external characteristics are discussed. Input-to-output characteristics include the variation of converter output power, voltage, and current with an input control variable i.e., phase-shift angle, whereas the external characteristic is the variation of the output voltage as a function of output current. In this discussion, the behavior of this conve...
Energies
A power conversion system needs high efficiency for modern-day applications. A DC–DC isolated bidirectional dual active bridge-based converter promises high efficiency and reliability. There are several converter topologies available in the market claiming to be the best of their type, so it is essential to choose from them based on the best possible result for operation in a variety of applications. As a result, this article examines the characteristics, functionality, and benefits of dual active bridge-based DC–DC converter topologies and the other members of the family, as well as their limits and future advances. A high-frequency transformer is also an important device that is popular due to high leakage inductance in dual active bridge (DAB) converters. Therefore, a detailed review is presented, and after critical analysis, minimized leakage inductance in the toroidal transformer is obtained using the ANSYS Maxwell platform. Furthermore, this work includes a comprehensive exami...
Ac-ac dual active bridge converter for solid state transformer
2009
Abstract This work investigates the application of an ac-ac dual active bridge converter for solid state transformer. The proposed converter topology consists of two active H-bridges and one high frequency transformer. Four-quadrant switch cells are used to ensure bi-directional power flow. The advantages of direct ac-ac conversion include fewer power conversion stages and minimized passive components. The ac-ac dual active bridge converter is controlled with phase shift modulation.
Design optimization of high frequency transformer for dual active bridge DC-DC converter
the IEEE International Conference Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012, Marseille, France, Sep. 2 – 5, 2012, 2012
This paper presents a design optimization procedure for high frequency transformer (HFT) employed in bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) isolated DC-DC converter. It is shown that leakage inductance, phase-shifted angle, skin and proximity effects have to be taken into account together with the HFT voltage-ampere rating to minimize total losses. It is also demonstrated that the leakage inductance required for zero voltage switching operation can be realized under the proposed design procedure without employing extra inductor. The proposed design methodology is experimentally validated by measurements on a prototype HFT.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019
In this work, the quadruple active bridge dc-dc converter (QAB) is proposed to be used as a building block to implement the dc-dc stage of a Smart Transformer (ST). Different configurations (symmetrical, asymmetrical, rated for voltage/power) for this converter are considered for investigation. Four different architectures of ST, including one based on the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter as a benchmark and three based on the QAB converter, are presented and compared in terms of cost, efficiency, reliability and implementation complexity. As an additional contribution, different semiconductors technologies (silicon IGBT and silicon carbide MOSFETs) are evaluated in order to verify their impact on ST application. The design for each architecture is described and the results are compared. In order to validate the theoretical analysis developed in the paper, a 20 kW prototype was built and experimented.
Optimum Design of a Multiple-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converter for Smart Transformer
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018
The modular Smart Transformer (ST) is composed by several basic converters rated for lower voltage and power. In this paper the quadruple active bridge (QAB) is used as the basic block for the modular ST. In this application, the efficiency and cost are the most important design parameters. Therefore, the paper focus on the design of the converter, with the aim to optimize its efficiency, taking the cost into consideration. To do so, the losses of all components are carefully modeled and a computer-aided design is used, where an algorithm to calculate the losses and cost is developed, allowing to perform multi-objective optimization. Additionally, Silicon IGBTs and Silicon Carbide MOSFETs are considered for the design and the performance of the converter using both semiconductors technology is compared. Experimental results obtained for the optimized 20 kW QAB converter has shown an efficiency of 97.5%.
An Overall Analysis of the Static Characteristics of the Single Active Bridge Converter
Electronics
The dual active bridge (DAB) converter has been extensively analyzed and used in recent years for applications where bidirectional power flow is required. The unidirectional version of the DAB, which replaces the active output bridge with a diode bridge, has been called the single active bridge (SAB). The static behavior of the SAB differs markedly from similar DC/DC converters and can provide interesting advantages in certain applications. This paper presents a thorough study of the static behavior of the single active bridge (SAB) converter in different conduction modes. This study focuses on the description of the conduction modes, marking the main differences compared to similar DC/DC converters. Moreover, the SAB can be designed to operate in conduction mode for a given power level with different performance. A design guide is proposed, and the performance of different designs are compared, quantifying current stresses in the semiconductors. Finally, the main contribution of th...
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 2016
The paper presents an analytical approach to the determination of power losses in a high-frequency transformer operating in the dual active bridge (DAB). This transformer, having two single-phase transistor bridge inverters, couples two DC circuits that significantly differ in voltages (280 V and 51 V ±20%). Power losses in the core and windings of the planar transformer 5600 VA /100 kHz were calculated taking into account changes in the value and direction of the energy flow between the coupled DC circuits. These circuits represent storage or renewable energy sources and intermediate circuits of the converters used in distributed generation systems. Calculations were performed using the Steinmetz’s and Dowell’s equations. The analytical results have been verified experimentally.
Isolation Transformer for 3-Port 3-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converters in Medium Voltage Level
IEEE Access
In this paper, an isolation transformer with integrated filter inductances for 3-phase 3-port dualactive bridge (DAB) converters in the wye-wye-delta (Yyd) configuration is introduced and designed. The large number of ports and phases in the application necessarily requires a proportionally increased number of components, accessories, and connections. These additional parts induce significant losses and electromagnetic interference during high frequency operations. Hence, fully manipulating the parasitic components, especially the leakage inductances of the transformer as the circuit element in the interconnected multi-port configuration, is a key to reduce the system's overall size and improve its reliability. The proposed geometry and design method enables full integration of a large number of otherwise bulky inductors to be included in the isolation transformers so that the latter function not only as step up/down transformers but also as filter networks required for 3-port DAB operations. The transformer is suitable for high power and high step up/down ratio DC-DC converters, which prefer a parallel combination of converters that share current on the low voltage side. The operating principles and steady state analysis are presented with respect to power flow, and a 3-winding shell-type isolation/filter transformer has been designed for a 3-port 3-phase Yyd DAB converter for solid state transformer (SST) applications. Finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach. A prototype was fabricated and tested in an experimental setting INDEX TERMS Dual active bridge converter, Three-winding transformer, Solid state transformer