Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Its Management Through Phytoremediation (original) (raw)
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IJERT, 2019
Heavy metals are frequently cited to as those metals which hold a specific density of more than 5 g/cm3 and adversely alter the environment and living organisms (Järup, 2003). These metals are quintessential to maintain various biochemical and physiological functions in inhabiting organisms when in very low concentrations Current methods for remediation of metal contaminated soils include soil removal and washing, physical stabilization, and/or the use of chemical amendments, all of which are expensive and disruptive, with an average cost of $ 404,700 per ha (Raskin et al., 1997). USEPA (2002) recommended excavation, capping, solidification and stabilization, nitrification, soil washing/acid extraction, soil flushing, phytoremediation, etc. as current remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated soil.
Heavy Metal Management-A Phytoremediation Perspective
Current Environmental Engineering
Civilization has always manoeuvred the surrounding environment. From ages, humans have always endeavoured to maximize their hygiene and living conditions with the aim to develop better lifestyle. Consequently, human development has shown the way to enormous logical and scientific progress. However, during the course of progress we have very much contaminated our air, water and land. In consequence of that the modern society now facing many environmental hazards, especially, heavy metals in relation to air, water and soil. Phytoremediation is the branch of environment engineering concerned with the application of plants along with engineering principles to protect human beings from the harmful effects of these undesirable environmental factors; safeguard of environment from potentially injurious effects of natural and human beings' activities; along with upgrading of environmental quality.
Mini Review A review on toxicity and environmental implications of heavy metals
A review on toxicity and environmental implications of heavy metals , 2018
Heavy metals are metalloids that have high density and weight, at least 5 times greater as compared to water. In recent years, the industrial, agricultural, medicinal and technological activities have led to a sharp rise in heavy metal exposure in our environment. Even a small concentration of heavy metals is capable of inducing toxic effects on humans and on the overall environment. Toxicity may vary depending on the type of heavy metal, the form in which it is available and the type of individual it is exposed to. Among all the heavy metals, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead pose highest degree of toxicity and that is of great concern to plants and human health. This issue leads to challenge of environment conservation and protection from heavy metal exposure. This review provides an analysis about the occurrence of these metals in the environment, their toxicity potential in plants, and the plant defense mechanism against them for their survival.
Heavy metal contaminated soils are very hard to restore. This type of soil pollution is primarily attributed to anthropogenic activities, including, smelting, mining and various industrial activities. The world's heavily effected areas from heavy metal pollution have been proving as health risks to more than 10 million people in various countries. Linfen in China people faced extreme loads of pollution, In Haina of Dominican Republic, people suffered from a huge amount of lead poisoning due to, in Ranipet a city of India about 3.5 million people are being affected by tannery waste. Bioaccumulation of metal toxins in the food chain poses disastrous effects on human health. Plants accumulate some non essential heavy metals having no contribution in biological functions these heavy metals cause serious risks to plants, animals and human health. In order to remediate this problem in situ and ex situ techniques are being used but in situ methods are more effective than ex situ. Phyto...
2013
Heavy metal contaminated soils are very hard to restore. This type of soil pollution is primarily attributed to anthropogenic activities, including, smelting, mining and various industrial activities. The world's heavily effected areas from heavy metal pollution have been proving as health risks to more than 10 million people in various countries. Linfen in China people faced extreme loads of pollution, In Haina of Dominican Republic, people suffered from a huge amount of lead poisoning due to, in Ranipet a city of India about 3.5 million people are being affected by tannery waste. Bioaccumulation of metal toxins in the food chain poses disastrous effects on human health. Plants accumulate some non essential heavy metals having no contribution in biological functions these heavy metals cause serious risks to plants, animals and human health. In order to remediate this problem in situ and ex situ techniques are being used but in situ methods are more effective than ex situ. Phyt...
A review on toxicity and environmental implications of heavy metals
Emergent Life Sciences Research, 2018
Heavy metals are metalloids that have high density and weight, at least 5 times greater as compared to water. In recent years, the industrial, agricultural, medicinal and technological activities have led to a sharp rise in heavy metal exposure in our environment. Even a small concentration of heavy metals is capable of inducing toxic effects on humans and on the overall environment. Toxicity may vary depending on the type of heavy metal, the form in which it is available and the type of individual it is exposed to. Among all the heavy metals, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead pose highest degree of toxicity and that is of great concern to plants and human health. This issue leads to challenge of environment conservation and protection from heavy metal exposure. This review provides an analysis about the occurrence of these metals in the environment, their toxicity potential in plants, and the plant defense mechanism against them for their survival.
Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Sites
Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives II, 2020
Contamination of metals in the soil and water has become a serious issue for the human health and environment safety. Toxic metals are released into the environment from anthropogenic and developmental activities, viz., mining, industrial manufacturing, vehicular exhaust, and domestic and agricultural uses of chemicals. Metals like lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and arsenic are very toxic in nature for living being and can cause teratogenic, mutagenic, and endocrine disruptors and neurological disorders in human beings. Untreated or partially treated industrial effluent containing high concentration of metals contaminates water bodies or sometimes soil through unregulated discharge. Metals due to recalcitrant in nature get accumulated in living organisms and biomagnify in the organisms at top
Impact of Heavy Metal and Others Pollutants on Health and Role of the Plant in Toxic Remediation
International Journal of Bioassays, 2013
An increased uptake of toxic metals by food crops grown on such soils together with human health risks are often recorded. Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Phytoremediation, being more cost-effective and fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches, has gained increasing popularity in both academic and practical circles. More than 400 plant species have been identified to have potential for soil and water remediation (Lone et al., 2008). This paper will provide a brief idea on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for soil and water resources.
Heavy metal phytoremediation: Potential and advancement
Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 2020
Industrial activities lead to the release of different types of toxic metals into the environment. Phytoremediation has been established as one of the environmental-friendly and economical processes that have the potential for the remediation of industrial waste. Phytoremediation is used to extract metals from industrial effluents using ex-situ and in-situ treatments. Also, phytoremediation may be used to reclaim the polluted land resource for agricultural purposes. Moreover, this also prevents the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of xenobiotics from farming activities if carried out from polluted land. Phyto-mining can be done to recover and reuse the heavy metals from plant tissues after phytoremediation by plants. This study aimed to give a comprehensive review of recent research work in heavy metal phytoremediation.