Challenges in the use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for improving wood quality: A review (original) (raw)
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Assessing Trees, Wood and Derived Products with near Infrared Spectroscopy: Hints and Tips
Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 2016
Wood is a renewable and valuable resource for a variety of end-use application areas. However, rapid and reliable assessments are needed to identify the quality of the tree, timber or wood product at all stages of production and processing. The ideal technology for assessing wood and wood products must provide reliable data, be user-friendly, cost-competitive and provide a rapid analysis. The ultimate application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of wood or wood products is to substitute for costly and time-consuming reference measurements in order to aid process optimisation or determine properties and genetic traits on large numbers of individual samples. Increased interest in the application of NIR spectroscopy in various research fields including wood is observed nowadays. A vast number of publications highlight the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the characterisation of wood in a broad area of uses. The Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy has published two special issues ...
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ( NIRS ) as a Tool for Effective Classification of Wood
2008
Wood from different tree species is commonly similar in visual appearance but still have considerable differences in machining and wood properties. Even heartwood and sapwood from the same tree species may be difficult to separate visually, but the wood properties important for the quality of the final products may differ. Hence, within the forest products industry there is a great need to non-destructively evaluate wood quality prior to and during manufacturing in order to ensure effective allocation of raw material, and to obtain consistent and well defined quality of the end products. Near infrared spectroscopy is a promising technique because it requires minimal, if any, sample preparation and provides results rapidly, even when used on intact, opaque biological samples. In this paper we use near infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses for classification of wood types. Case I considers heartwood and sapwood from Scots pine. On freshly cut wood heart...
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2011
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has high potential as a rapid nondestructive approach to identifying wood species and estimating properties that affect their utilization. This study found that NIRS could differentiate certain wood species groups. True firs (balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.)) could be distinguished from pine and spruce in eastern and western spruce-pine-fir, respectively, more than 95% of the time. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) could be differentiated from amabilis fir (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes) in the Hem-Fir species group with about 90% accuracy. Average wood moisture content (MC) of air-dried southern pine and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) samples wood could be estimated by NIRS ±10%-30% at high moisture contents and more accurately (±2%-5%) below 30% MC. Conditioned samples of amabilis fir had predicted MCs within 2%-3% of measured values in the 0%-30% MC range. However, the broad applicability and response of NIRS to a number of factors may be its greatest weakness, since measurements for a specific response, such as MC or species differentiation, may be confounded by the effects of other variables, such as surface roughness and localized density differences. It is recommended that instrumentation with a relatively large probe (large illumination area) be used to average such variables in the sample.
NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AS A TOOL FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD SURFACE
SYNOPSIS. The goal of this research was to exploit the potential of near infrared spectroscopy to measure and characterise various types of surfaces common in the wood/related products and to present their capabilities for application into wood research and industry. Wooden blocks originated from different countries, of various wood species and different finishes have been evaluated. Characterisation of the archaeological wood was also performed by measuring fragments of wood excavated at the site. It has been found that near infrared spectroscopy can be successfully utilized for: recognition of wood species, quantify chemical composition of wood, detection of surface finish type and monitoring of the wood/coated wood weathering. The near infrared technique could be used for analyses of archeological wood and determination of its geographical origin. Dedicated tests performed on spruce (Picea abies sp.) originated from Finland, northern Poland, southern Poland and various valleys of Italian Dolomites confirmed that it is possible to determine the wood proveniences by measuring its near infrared spectra.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Estimating Wood Basic Density
Cerne, Lavras, 2009
ABSTRACT: Wood basic density is indicative of several other wood properties and is considered as a key feature for many industrial applications. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast, efficient technique that is capable of estimating that property. However, it should be ...
A review of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring moisture content and density of solid wood
Forestry Chronicle, 2013
This review article examines past and current research on the application of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance/transmittance spectroscopy (NIRS) for real-time monitoring of moisture content and density of solid wood. Most of the applications of NIRS on solid wood have focussed on the application of multivariate statistics as exploratory tools for the prediction of physical, chemical and mechanical properties, such as moisture content, density, stiffness, cellulose and lignin content. However, very few studies on the development of optical models and the use of NIRS transmittance techniques on solid wood have been reported. NIRS technology has the potential to be used as a rapid tool that could be employed for at-line measurement and monitoring of wood properties in the forest products industry.