Seed Germination and Seedling Performance of Rice Grown in Municipal Wastewater (original) (raw)
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2015
Agriculture is the largest user of fresh water for irrigation. As the demand of fresh water is increasing, there is a need to recycle municipal wastewater for agricultural activities. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) of untreated and treated municipal wastewater on seed germination and seedling performance of fresh and aged rice seeds, seedling nutrient uptake and seedling chlorophyll content. Laboratory experiments were conducted using three Malaysian rice varieties, MR219, MR220 and MR253. This study revealed varying responses of rice for germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root volume, root surface area, seedling vigour index, root:shoot ratio and percentage phytotoxicity when the seeds were irrigated with different concentrations of municipal wastewaters. The seeds imbibed in untreated wastewater gave higher values of seed g...
Impact of Sewage on Seed Germination and Growth of Kharif and Rabi Crops
2016
Wastewater is an effective source for irrigation of crop. Sewage generated from a hostel of Thapar University campus, Patiala was used for growing Kharif crops (Lady Finger & Pearl millet) and Rabi crops (Wheat, Fenugreek, Mustard & Cluster bean) for 35 days in plastic cups at laboratory scale. When sewage was applied at 50%, 100% individually, the dilution of 50% supported better growth of crops. Both sewage and soil used showed absence of metal constituents and hence non-possibility of their accumulation in the grown crops. Germination period of crop was observed and it was found different from crop to crop, four days in Lady finger as against eight days in Fenugreek. The biomass was higher in Kharif crops than was in Rabi crops. Composition of soil was estimated and it was found that the nutrients (organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) had enriched the treated soil besides aiding the growth of crop. The study was found promising suggesting that the sewage could be used...
Environment & Ecology 34 (1) : 155—159, 2016
The present study aims to know the effect of various concentrations of industrial effluents on rice germination and early seedling vigor to find out the suitable concentration of effluents which could increase the germination of seeds and could be recommended for application in irrigation. The study revealed that lower concentrations of effluents showed the promoting effect on seed germination, seedling growth and dry matter accumulation. Maximum promoting effect was observed at 25% of effluents. NALCO effluents applied as such or at higher concentrations more than 25% elicited deleterious effects on germination and early seedling vigor. Photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b along with the SPAD chlorophyll index of rice seedlings was increased at lower concentration (25%) of the effluent, while decreased at 100% concentration of effluents. The concentration of these effluents should be reduced to beneficial level by diluting the effluent, which can be used for irrigation purposes as a substitute for chemical fertilizers only after treatment and dilution for rice crop. This finding is encouraging for an agro-friendly disposal of this potential multiple-pollutant in rice cultivation and its sustainable use in soil-fertilization as well.
Water
The increasing human population continues to exert pressure on the freshwater scarcity. The availability of freshwater for crop irrigation has become challenging. The present study aimed to use domestic wastewater (DWW) for the irrigation of two rice cultivars (CVs) after treatment with the bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis MT477813 under a hydroponic culture system. The first part of this study focused on the bioremediation and analysis of the physicochemical parameters of DWW to compare pollutants before and after treatment. The biotreatment of DWW with the bacterial isolate showed more than 90% decolourisation, along with a reduction in contaminants. The next part of the study evaluated the impacts of treated and untreated DWW on the growth of two rice cultivars, i.e., PK 386 and Basmati 515, under a hydroponic culture system which provided nutrients and water to plants with equal and higher yields compared to soil. Growth parameters such as the shoot and root length and the ...
Impacts of treated sewage effluent on seed germination and vigour index of monocots and dicot seeds
Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2015
The sewage effluent is used as source of irrigation in developing as well as developed countries. The usage of the treated effluent for agricultural purpose and recreational activities are due to the demand of the water worldwide. This study aims to reveal the impact of various concentration of the treated sewage effluent on the germination and physiological parameters of green gram (Vigna radiata), red gram (Cajanus cajan) and paddy (Oryza sativa). Treated sewage effluents collected from three different sewage treatment plants of Mysore City (Kesere, Vidhyarayanapuram, Rayenakare) was used to cultivate the seedling with different con centrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100%). It is concluded that the germination percentage of the seedlings are maximum at lower dilutions of 10-30% for all the treated water. The highest shoot length (27.53) and root length (26.91) was reported was for paddy cultivated with Kesare sewage water at an effluent concentration of 10%. The seedling cultivated in Kesare treated sewage effluent exhibited maximum shoot length and root length. The vigour index was reported to be higher for effluent concentration of 10%. This study concludes that the seed germination, root length, shoot length and vigour Index are dependable on the concentration of the effluent used. In 10% concentration of effluent is most effective and stresses the need of proper concentration of the effluent for irrigation.
2020
Effect of irrigation with untreated and treated wastewater from Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant station on growth and yield of rice as also in enrichment and bio accumulation of nutrients and metals in soil and rice plant in Vidyaranyapuram area in the South West of Mysore, Karnataka was selected. Treatments included untreated wastewater (UWW); treated wastewater (TWW) and ground water (GW) as control. Experimental was in randomized complete block design with 3 treatments with 3 replicates. Soil samples were collected from 0 -60 cm depths were analyzed for pH, EC, nutrient and heavy metals contents. Plant height, tiller panicle length, number of tillers per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and yield/ plant were used as indicators. The wastewaters according to FAO system of water quality classification were found suitable for use in leaching and irrigating saline soils especially for short duration crops. Great changes in soil properties due to irrigation with UWW and TWW were obse...
Water, 2011
The effects of plant species (castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) versus sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)) and irrigation regime (freshwater versus secondary treated municipal wastewater) on soil properties and on seed and biodiesel yield were studied in a three year pot trial. Plant species were irrigated at rates according to their water requirements with either freshwater or wastewater effluent. Pots irrigated with freshwater received commercial fertilizer, containing N, P, and K, applied at the beginning of each irrigation period. The results obtained in this study showed that irrigation with effluent did not result in significant changes in soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and dehydrogenase activity, whereas soil available P was found to increase in the upper soil layer. Soil salinity varied slightly throughout the experiment in effluent irrigated pots but no change was detected at the end of the experiment compared to the initial value, suggesting sufficient salt leaching. Pots irrigated with effluent had higher soil salinity, P, and dehydrogenase activity but lower SOM and TKN than freshwater irrigated pots. Sunflower showed greater SOM and TKN values than castor bean suggesting differences between plant species in the microorganisms carrying out C and N mineralization in the soil. Plant species irrigated with freshwater achieved higher seed yield compared to those irrigated with effluent probably reflecting the lower level of soil
2021
Irrigated rice (Oriza sativa L.) pre-germinated production systems occupy approximately 100 thousand ha, annually cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul State, mainly in poorly drained areas, and with infestation of competing plants, especially red rice (Oriza sativa L.). This system constitutes the main technologic resource for rice crops produced on an ecological basis, by means of soil tillage and water management. Despite this, water outlets, specifically after seeding, have outstanding agronomic and environmental implications. Loss of nutrients and the physical and chemical quality of drained water have been questioned by public research and environmental institutions. This work evaluated the effects of different soil tillage systems and retention time of water in irrigated rice frames. The experiment was conducted in Viamão town, Rio Grande do Sul State. Two different soil tillage systems and four different times of frame drainage after seeding were investigated. Results showed that the main limiting attributes of water quality were turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and phosphorus (P) content, reaching 1800 TNU, 115 mg L-1 , and 1.6 mg L-1 , respectively. These attributes showed values higher than established environmental thresholds. Water quality was inappropriate to discharge directly into water courses, regardless of treatments.An alternative is the immediate placement in rice production areas, in more advanced development stages of plants. Pre-germinated rice crops require a system framework to avoid nutrient loss and consequent reduction of soil fertility.
A study was conducted in Morogoro, Tanzania to assess the effect of treated wastewater as an alternative source of irrigation water and nutrients for rice. Wastewater was sourced from a local wastewater Stabilization Ponds and cleaned through a Constructed Wetland. Four treatments namely, (i) Waste water (WW) only (ii) WW + NPK (iii) Tap water only (iv) Tap water + NPK were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replicates. Rice, variety Saro 5 was planted in August 2013.Data was collected on physical-chemical and biological qualities of the WW, and soils, yield and yield components. Analysis of variance and Least Significant Difference (LSD) on yield were conducted (p≤0.05) using INSTAT software. WW had alkaline pH of 8.2 and acceptable levels of physical-chemical-biological components. WW only treated rice resulted in higher yields over non-treated rice. The combination of WW and NPK was not as effective especially for flowering, grain size and total yield indicative of nutrients overloading. Tap water only treated rice yielded 1.3 tons/ha while WW treated rice yielded 5.44 ton/ha mostly through promotion of higher number of fertile tillers while a combination of WW and NPK depressed yield potential to only 1.7 ton/ha. Effectiveness of WW for irrigation is acknowledged.