Effect of coconut biodiesel blended fuels on engine performance and emission characteristics (original) (raw)
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Energy, 2012
Biofuel is a prominent alternative fuel because of its environmental benefits and similar physiochemical properties to diesel fuel. This study investigated the impact of high quality refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) coconut oil blends and fuel throttle setting on performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine. The criteria regulated emissions and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. The engine was operated with pure diesel and blended fuels contain of 10%, 30% and 50% of coconut oil by volume. Experiments were conducted under 75% and 50% throttle opening conditions at 2000 rpm. The use of coconut oil blends resulted in a reduction of all of the regulated emissions, except for slight fluctuations in CO2 emissions. There was no significant difference in total PAH emissions with the different throttle settings. All the coconut oil blends showed lower PAH emissions except for fluoranthene (FL) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) compounds. Notably, coconut oil blends resulted in a maximum reduction of 40% in total PAH concentration. It was observed that coconut oil blends increased the total benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq). However, the reduction in benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) indicated the positive effects on toxicity reduction of coconut oil as a potential substitute for fossil diesel. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0360544212007712/1-s2.0-S0360544212007712-main.pdf?\_tid=0c3a18be-a9c7-11e3-b9d2-00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1394615992\_d110ed25f7231f9dc29c6f8b144aeed0 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544212007712
Effect of additive on performance of C.I. engine fuelled with bio diesel
2011 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering, ICAEE 2011, 2012
Among the alternative fuels the Bio diesel is one the most common and familiar to all. It's biodegradable, environment friendly as well as suitable source, to meet the future energy crises. The main concern of this experimental analysis is to reach a tentative goal, how this fuel can be utilised with maximum effective way. To find this ,an experiment data analysis of different parameter such as break power, break specific fuel consumption, emission characteristic(NO x, HC,CO. etc) and exhaust temperature, is done through bio diesel fuel and also compared with ordinary diesel which is also known as petro diesel. This investigation is carried out through eddy current dynamometer and load cell arrangement which is controlled by a computer in case of finding the break power and BSFC respectively. And the emission characteristics are observed using Bosch and Bacharach exhaust analyzers. And finally the result is compared with diesel engine which is run by ordinary diesel. The final result implied that the bio diesel with some additives (B20+1%) shows best performance and reduce the exhaust emission including NO x.Thus the decision may be taken,20% blended bio diesel with 1% additive as a best alternative fuel considering all the view aspects and alternatives. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610211045632 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1876610211045632/1-s2.0-S1876610211045632-main.pdf?\_tid=54085724-a9c6-11e3-81cf-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1394615683\_6664911a7bc56a482e075669df8a3456
Energy, 2011
Biofuel has so far been backed by government policies in the quest for low carbon fuel in the near future and promises to ensure energy security through partially replacing fossil fuels. At present biodiesel is mostly produced by transesterification reaction from oil-seed feedstock and has to conform to ASTM D6751 specifications. Biodiesel sustainability has sparked debate on the pros and cons of biodiesel and the question of food security. The use of waste cooking oil such as palm and coconut oil in diesel engines is more sustainable if they can perform similarly to ordinary diesel fuel (B0). This paper presents the experimental study carried out to evaluate emission and performance characteristics of a multi-cylinder diesel engine operating on waste cooking oil such as 5% palm oil with 95% ordinary diesel fuel (P5) and 5% coconut oil with 95% ordinary diesel fuel (C5). B0 was used for comparison purposes. The results show that there are reductions in brake power of 1.2% and 0.7% for P5 and C5 respectively compared with B0. In addition, reduction of exhaust emissions such as unburned hydrocarbon (HC), smoke, carbon mono-oxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO x) is offered by the blended fuels. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S036054421000589X/1-s2.0-S036054421000589X-main.pdf?\_tid=983df340-a9c6-11e3-9413-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1394615797\_22e5f819fb2579fe67eb411037f665a6
Energy, 2013
Currently, the main crop for biodiesel in Malaysia is palm oil. Recently, Jatropha curcas has drawn the attention of the Malaysian Government. This paper aims to study the feasibility of Jatropha as a potential biodiesel feedstock for Malaysia. Physico-chemical properties of Jatropha biodiesel and its blends with diesel followed by engine performance and emissions characteristics of B10, B20 and B0 were studied. The results show that viscosities of B10 and B20 are closer to diesel. Moreover, only the oxidation stability of B10 and B20 meet the European specifications (EN 590) of 20h. Therefore, only B10 and B20 have been used to evaluate engine performance and emission. Compared to B0, the average reduction in brake power (BP) is 4.67% for B10 and 8.86% for B20. It was observed that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increases as the percentage of biodiesel increase. Compared to B0, a reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) emission of 3.84% and 10.25% and carbon monoxide (CO) emission of 16% and 25% was reported using B10 and B20. However, the blends give higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission of 3% and 6% using B10 and B20. As a conclusion, B10 and B20 can be used in a diesel engine without any modifications. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544213001904 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0360544213001904/1-s2.0-S0360544213001904-main.pdf?\_tid=b3c260a6-a9c6-11e3-b252-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1394615843\_bdfa33dcf101e4a1d86772c44dd6a02e
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014
An ever increasing drift of energy consumption, unequal geographical distribution of natural wealth and the quest for low carbon fuel for a cleaner environment are sparking off the production and use of biodiesels in many countries around the globe. In this work, palm biodiesel and jatropha biodiesel were produced from the respective crude vegetable oils through transesterification, and the different physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesels have been presented, and found to be acceptable according to the ASTM standard of biodiesel specification. This paper presents experimental results of the research carried out to evaluate the BSFC, engine power, exhaust and noise emission characteristics of a combined palm and jatropha blend in a single-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds ranging from 1400 to 2200 rpm. Though the PBJB5 and PBJB10 biodiesels showed a slightly higher BSFC than diesel fuel, all the measured emission parameters and noise emission were significantly reduced, except for NO emission. CO emissions for PBJB5 and PBJB10 were 9.53% and 20.49% lower than for diesel fuel. By contrast, HC emissions for PBJB5 and PBJB10 were 3.69% and 7.81% lower than for diesel fuel. The sound levels produced by PBJB5 and PBJB10 were also reduced by 2.5% and 5% compared with diesel fuel due to their lubricity and damping characteristics. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S095965261300629X/1-s2.0-S095965261300629X-main.pdf?\_tid=7a5f35f4-a9c7-11e3-a03c-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1394616176\_9f52fe785496fd9396345c1d71773d07 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965261300629X
Energy, 2013
Traditionally, biodiesel has been produced from edible oils due to their low free fatty acids. However, their use has elevated some issues such as food versus fuel and many other problems that have negatively affected their economic viability. Therefore, exploration of non-edible oils may significantly reduce the cost of biodiesel especially in poor countries which can barely afford the high cost of edible oils. This paper aims to produce biodiesel from several edible and non-edible oils that are readily available in the South East Asian market. These oils include; Jatropha curcas, Calophyllum inophyllum, Sterculia foetida, Moringa oleifera, Croton megalocarpus, Patchouli, Elaeis guineensis (palm), Cocos nucifera (coconut), Brassica napus (canola) and Glycine Max (soybean) oils. This was followed by an investigation of physico-chemical properties of the produced biodiesel. This paper also discusses the concept of biodiesel blending to improve some of the properties of these feedstocks. For instance, blending of SFME and CoME improves the viscosity of SFME from 6.3717mm2/s to 5.3349mm2/s (3:1), 4.4912mm2/s (1:1) and 3.879mm2/s (1:3). The properties of other biodiesel blends were estimated using the polynomial curve fitting method. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S036054421300457X/1-s2.0-S036054421300457X-main.pdf?\_tid=08f6f722-a9c6-11e3-851c-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1394615557\_1744acfd85389c6c3b61707914f9caa9 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054421300457X
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011
Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. In spite of having some application problems, recently it is being considered as one of the most promising alternative fuels in internal combustion engine. From scientific literatures, this paper has collected and analyzed the data on both advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel over conventional diesel. Since the aim of this study is to evaluate the biodiesel feasibility in automobiles, the first section is dedicated to materials compatibility in biodiesel as compared to that in diesel. The highest consensus is related to enhanced corrosion of automotive parts due to its compositional differences. In the subsequent sections, data on performance, emission and engine durability have been analyzed and compared. In this case, the highest consensus is found in reducing emissions as well as in increasing moving parts sticking, injector coking and filter plugging. This paper has also summarized the factors of biodiesel in contributing these technical performances. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110003448 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364032110003448/1-s2.0-S1364032110003448-main.pdf?\_tid=f75f6c24-a9c5-11e3-b251-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1394615527\_684db9fd3c64f8d8c14da52223233a79
Impact of palm biodiesel blend on injector deposit formation
Applied Energy, 2013
During short term engine operation, renewable fuels derived from vegetable oils, are capable of providing good engine performance. In more extended operations, some of the same fuels can cause degradation of engine performance, excessive carbon and lacquer deposits and actual damage to the engine. Moreover, temperatures in the area of the injector tip due to advanced diesel injection systems may lead to particularly stubborn deposits at and around the injector tip. In this research, an endurance test was carried out for 250. h on 2 fuel samples; DF (diesel fuel) as baseline and PB20 (20% palm biodiesel and 80% DF) in a single cylinder CI engine. The effects of DF and PB20 on injector nozzle deposits, engine lubricating oil, and fuel economy and exhaust emissions were investigated. According to the results of the investigation, visual inspection showed some deposit accumulation on injectors during running on both fuels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed greater carbon deposits on and around the injector tip for PB20 compared to the engine running with DF. Similarly, lubricating oil analysis presented excessive wear metal concentrations, decreased viscosity and increased density values when the engine was fuelled with PB20. Finally, fuel economy and emission results during the endurance test showed higher brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and NO. x emissions, and lower HC and CO emissions, for the PB20 blend compared to DF. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0306261913005436/1-s2.0-S0306261913005436-main.pdf?\_tid=fb44ff2e-a9c6-11e3-a685-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1394615963\_580ff2c2aedd06e719dd211f966e28c1 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913005436
Industrial Crops and Products, 2014
Biodiesels, which are made from various crops, as well as animal fat, are renewable, bio-degradable, and non-toxic and are eco-friendly compared with fossil fuels. Currently, there are more than 350 oil-bearing crops identified as potential sources for biodiesel production. In this study, the potential of biodiesel obtained from a non-edible oil source (Moringa oleifera) was explored and compared with that of palm biodiesel and diesel fuel. The physico-chemical properties of M. oleifera methyl ester were determined, and the properties of 5% and 10% (by volume) blends thereof (MB5 and MB10, respectively) were compared with those of palm-oil blends (PB5 and PB10) and diesel fuel (B0). The performance of these fuels was assessed in a multi-cylinder diesel engine at various engine speeds and under the full-load condition whereas emissions were assessed under the both full-load and half load condition. The properties of palm and M. oleifera biodiesels and their blends meet the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Engine performance test results indicated that the PB5 and the MB5 fuels produced slightly lower brake powers and higher brake specific fuel consumption values compared to diesel fuel over the entire range of speeds examined. Engine emission results indicated that the PB5, MB5, PB10 and MB10 fuels reduced the average emissions of carbon monoxide by 13.17%, 5.37%, 17.36%, and 10.60%, respectively, and reduced those of hydrocarbons by 14.47%, 3.94%, 18.42%, and 9.21%, respectively. However, the PB5, MB5, PB10, and MB10 fuels slightly increased nitric oxide emissions by 1.96%, 3.99%, 3.38%, and 8.46%, respectively, and increased carbon dioxide emissions by 5.60%, 2.25%, 11.73%, and 4.96%, respectively, compared to the emissions induced by B0. M. oleifera oil is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production, and the performance of MB5 and MB10 biodiesel is comparable to that of PB5 and PB10 biodiesel and diesel fuel. Because the MB5 and MB10 fuels produce lower exhaust emissions than diesel fuel, these fuels can replace diesel fuel in unmodified engines to reduce the global energy demand and exhaust emissions to the environment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669013006882 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0926669013006882/1-s2.0-S0926669013006882-main.pdf?\_tid=01292a9c-a9c6-11e3-9ea5-00000aacb360&acdnat=1394615544\_c6c5bb09206f3d3c594d64e6d09e18d7
Prospects of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011
Petro diplomacy has played its role in last few decades and that makes energy security a major concern worldwide. Rapid climate change and environmental protection is another vital issue to be addressed in recent energy policies. So an alternative carbon neutral transport fuel is a must in new sustainable energy mix. Biodiesel has immense potentiality to be a part of a sustainable energy mix. In this energy scenario, Brazil's success is a role model in utilizing its agro-industry for reducing poverty, greenhouse gas emission and petro-dependency simultaneously. Brazil commercialized bioethanol in mass scale by introducing flexible fuel vehicles in market. This dedicated engine idea moralizes a new concept of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles for Malaysia and Indonesia. Southeast Asian countries, i.e. Malaysia and Indonesia is the largest producer as well as exporter of palm oil. Growing at highest yield rate among other biodiesel feedstock, palm based biodiesel is a top exported product for this region. This paper will quantify the prospects of a dedicated biodiesel engine vehicle for Malaysia and Indonesia that will initiate palm based biodiesel in fuel supply chain by leapfrogging the barriers of biodiesel utilization by boosting local automobile industry simultaneously. This article will also review on energy scenario of Malaysia and Indonesia and their renewable energy policies and challenges for coming decades. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110002893 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364032110002893/1-s2.0-S1364032110002893-main.pdf?\_tid=8d063cfc-a9c7-11e3-ac73-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1394616208\_3282e55e411497542e33b9e28f5051f8