Al-Azhar Un. Journal for Research and Studies. Vol 2(1) Dec.2020 (original) (raw)
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Bioscience Reports, 2021
Giardiasis is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases in the world. It is caused by Giardia, Giardia lamblia, a common and opportunistic zoonotic parasite. The aim of our work is to find a natural and safe alternative treatment for giardiasis, specifically, to determine if probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus helveticus) can contribute to treatment, and act as preventives. Sixty weanling albino mice, Mus musculus, were divided into control and experimental, probiotic-fed groups. We determined infection intensity, and cure and prevention rates of giardiasis through ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of stool samples and histopathological comparison of intestinal tissue. In experimental groups, there was a significant reduction in infection intensity (P<0.001) on days 10, 15, and 20, while cure rate reached 87.5%. The control group showed no signs of reduced infection or cure and only the group treated with pro...
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as an Effective Probiotic for Murine Giardiasis
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on …, 2011
The gut microflora is an important constituent in the intestinal mucosal barrier and has been introduced as the concept of probiotic therapy that beneficially affects the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to explore the protective potential of various lactobacilli strains for murine giardiasis. By experimentation, it was found that the probiotic supplementation of either Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, or L. rhamnosus GG, 7 days prior to inoculation with G. lamblia trophozoites, reduced the rate of cyst excretion compared with Giardia-infected mice. Interestingly, L. GG was found to be the most effective probiotic in reducing the duration of giardia cycle and acts as an effective prophylactic probiotic for murine giardiasis but needs to be clinically correlated due to entirely different human microflora.
Protective potential of L. acidophilus in murine giardiasis
Central European Journal …, 2010
This study describes the in vivo activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Giardia lamblia infected BALB/c mice. Experimentally, it was observed that daily administration of lactobacilli 7 days before or in simultaneous inoculation with Giardia trophozoites efficiently reduced G. lamblia infection in mice. More specifically, excretion of Giardia cysts were reduced significantly in probiotic-treated groups, and resolution of infection was observed by day 21 post-inoculation. It was also observed that the lactobacillus count increased tremendously and continuously in faeces of all probiotic-fed mice, and was significantly higher as compared with that in control mice. Histological analysis of microvilli membrane integrity revealed that probiotic administration also protected mice against parasiteinduced mucosal damage, whereas Giardia-infected mice had severe villous atrophy, oedema, vacuolation and ileitis. Immunologically, the anti-Giardia serum IgG level was not stimulated significantly by probiotic treatment administered both prior to and simultaneous with Giardia infection, but remained high after the infection peak. Taken together, the data demonstrates the anti-giardial effect of the probiotic in vivo by modulation of the intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting the colonization of Giardia trophozoites and thereby reducing the severity of Giardia infection. © Versita Sp. z o.o.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2020
Giardia lamblia is one the most common human zoonotic protozoan affecting about 200 million people annually, but recurrent symptoms and drug resistance were reported in giardiasis patients. The present study assessed the therapeutic effect of Tomex ® and probiotics against giardiasis as well as evaluated efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles and metronidazole. Sixty healthy male hamsters were divided into 6 groups. Each group consists of 10 hamsters as following: GI non-infected hamsters, GII infected control, GIII, GIV, GV & GVI infected with G. lamblia and treated with tomex, probiotics, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), and metronidazole (MTZ) respectively. Hamsters were orally infected with 10,000 Giardia cysts. After 3 weeks stool samples were examined for Giardia samples and contents for intestinal histopathology and electron microscopy of Giardia trophozoite ultrastructure. The highest reduction in Giardia cyst and trophozoite were in hamsters received MTZ but with natural alternative therapies chitosan nanoparticles showed a therapeutic effect with highest reduction in cyst and trophozoite counts (80.59% & 76.55%) respectively and best recovery in intestinal pathology. MTZ gave higher reduction rates (91.04% & 90.75%) respectively with normal intestinal histopathology.
Effect of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii in experimental giardiasis
Beneficial Microbes, 2018
The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in experimental treatment of giardiasis and its impact on intestinal integrity and some functions of gerbils infected with Giardia lamblia. 28 gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), aged 4-6 weeks, were divided into four groups: untreated and uninfected control (CT); infected with G. lamblia (IGL); treated with S. boulardii (SB); and infected with G. lamblia and treated with S. boulardii (ITSB). The SB and ITSB groups received S. boulardii 15 days prior to being infected with G. lamblia. The treatment continued until completion of the experiment (22nd day). The IGL and ITSB groups were gavage-inoculated with G. lamblia ensuring one-week infection. 4 h before euthanasia, all animals were gavaged with a solution containing diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) marked with technetium-99mTc DTPA to determine intestinal permeability. The small intestine was removed for histopathological, morphometric analysis and c...
Journal of Gastrointestinal Infections, 2016
Background and Objectives: Giardiasis mainly affects young children causing diarrhea, malnutrition and growth retardation. Due to adverse effects of antiprotozoal treatment such as low compliance with drug therapy, reinfestation, occurrence of resistant strains, headache and metallic taste, the use of natural live bacteriotherapy has been studied. The study was designed to investigate in vitro the colonizing ability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) viz-a-viz its ability to inhibit the adherence of Giardia trophozoites to murine enterocytes under conditions simulating the intestinal environment. Materials and methods: Murine enterocytes were harvested and incubated with Giardia trophozoites either prior or simultaneously with probiotic LGG to assess the adhesion using scanning electron microscopy. Results: It was observed that 15% of Giardia trophozoites adhered to enterocytes at 37°C in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, after 1h of incubation. However, coincubation of murine enterocytes with probiotic LGG either 30 min prior or simultaneously with Giardia trophozoites led to 23-27% reduction in the adherence of Giardia trophozoites compared with 46% adherence in the absence of LGG. Further, scanning electron microscopy also showed in vitro inhibition of Giardia trophozoites to murine enterocytes due to probiotic supplementation. Interpretations and conclusion: The data suggest the colonizing ability of probiotic LGG to murine enterocytes that modulates murine giardiasis mainly by displacing the Giardia trophozoites.
Giardia lamblia is one of the most common protozoan parasite infections in human in the world. Aims of this work: to study the immune response in Giardia infection. to test the potency of traditional medicinal plants for treating Giardiasis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic effectiveness of garlic, mirazid and ginger as natural components in the prevention and treatment of Giardia in infected mice. The present work was undertaken to study the levels of IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the sera of mice infected with G. lamblia. Materials and Methods: male Albino mice, divided into control uninfected untreated, control infected untreated, prophylactic group subdivided into 4 subgroups according to treatment with garlic, ginger, mirazid and metronidazole and treatment group which subdivided into 4 subgroups as the prophylactic one. Giardia cysts were inoculated orally. Garlic, Ginger, Mirazid and Metronidazole administered orally. Feces were examined for the presence of parasites. IFN-γ and IL-5 concentration in serum done by ELISA. Results and Conclusion: IFN-γ and IL-5 levels were elevated from controls indicating the therapeutic effect of these medicinal plants, in comparison to metronidazole. The immune response is changed according to the results of the 2 cytokines used.
Probiotics as Anti-Giardia Defenders: Overview on Putative Control Mechanisms
2020
Giardia intestinalis is a protist intestinal parasite responsible for giardiasis, a disease whose impact is recognized in public health. After ingestion of Giardia cysts from either contaminated food or water, the trophozoite proliferative form, responsible for pathogenic effects, develops in the proximal small intestine of the host where it coexists with gut microbiota. Several studies have revealed the importance of this gut ecosystem and/or some probiotic bacteria in providing protection against G. intestinalis infections through partially known mechanisms (Travers et al. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2011). In the last years, our team has shown, using biological and biochemical approaches, that some probiotic strains of Lactobacillus, in particular L. johnsonii La1 and L. gasseri CNCM-I 4884, display anti-Giardia effects both in vitro and in vivo (Travers et al. Frontiers in Microbiology 2016; Allain et al. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:2707, 2018a, Frontiers in Microbiology 9...
Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis by Extracellular Factors from Lactobacilli: an In Vitro Study
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2001
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of spent culture supernatants of different strains of lactobacilli on giardia trophozoites. The growth of Giardia intestinalis strain WB, as well as the attachment to the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, was evaluated by using proliferation and adhesion assays with radiolabeled parasites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis were performed. The effect of spent culture supernatants from lactobacilli was strain dependent. Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of G. intestinalis trophozoites. Although the effect was strongly pH dependent, it was not simply due to lactic acid. According to flow cytometric analysis, trophozoites were arrested in G 1 phase but neither significant necrosis nor apoptosis could be detected. Bacterial cells or their spent culture supernatants were unable to modify trophozoite attachment to Caco-2 cells. However, trophozoites treated with spent culture supernatants had little, if any, proliferative capacity. These results suggest that La1 produces some substance(s) able to inhibit proliferation of Giardia trophozoites. Partial characterization of the factors involved in the antigiardiasic action showed that they have a low molecular mass and are inactivated by heating. On this basis, it seems worthwhile to explore how colonization of the proximal small bowel with these lactic acid bacteria could interfere with giardiasis in vivo.