Folded Plate Structures as Building Envelopes (original) (raw)
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Lateral design of cross-laminated timber buildings 4
The U.S. Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber combines the work and knowledge of American, Canadian and European specialists. The handbook is based on the original Canadian Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber, that was developed using a series of reports initially prepared by FPInnovations and collaborators to support the introduction of CLT in the North American market. A multi-disciplinary team revised, updated and implemented their know-how and technologies to adapt this document to U.S. standards. The publication of this handbook was made possible with the special collaboration of the following partners: The editing partners would also like to express their special thanks to Binational Softwood Lumber Council, Forestry Innovation Investment (FII), Nordic Engineered Wood, Structurlam, and CLT Canada for their financial contribution to studies in support of the introduction of cross-laminated timber products in the United States of America.
Timber Folded Plate Structures - Folded Form Analysis
IABSE Conference, Nara 2015: Elegance in structures, 2015
This paper analyses the potential of different possible folded form topologies for generating timber folded surface structures. The main advantage of such structures lies primarily in the realm of ecology and sustainability. By offering an integral way of construction, which fulfils both a supporting as well as a covering function, very lightweight structures are achieved. Also, a greater degree of prefabrication is possible which leads to a reduced overall cost. As these structures consist of a large number of discrete, thin plane elements, proper edgewise connection details are needed in order to ensure an efficient load bearing system. For structures made of wood products this presents a great challenge using the state-of-the art joining techniques. For this reason, the use of timber folded plate structures in civil engineering applications has been very limited. However, recently new technical solutions have been proposed for efficient edgewise joining of thin timber panels. In ...
Form Exploration of Folded Plate Timber Structures based on Performance Criteria
2011
Andreas Falk, born 1974, received an MSc in architecture from KTH School of Architecture and a PhD in Structural engineering from Lulea Univ. of Technology. He has taught at KTH and LTU (SE) and now teaches at AAU (DK). He teaches architecture, arch. technology and design of timber structures. Peter VON BUELOW Dr.-Ing., AIA Associate Professor University of Michigan Ann Arbor, USA pvbuelow@umich.edu
Forests, 2023
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has been widely discussed as a relevant industrialized construction solution. Numerous publications have considered CLT as a structural wood-based panel, but other documents have mentioned it as a building or even a construction system. Many authors address its application in multistory buildings, although single-family houses and lower building applications have become desirable topics as well. Given these gaps, this review study addresses a systematic method to evince the functions of cross-laminated timber in construction. The elucidation and discussion were led by technical and scientific contents through publications present in scientific websites and the Google web search engine. Intricate perceptions about the knowledge and reference of CLT functions were identified. From prospections, it was possible to state that CLT is a timber-forest product created in Europe, whose function acts as a structural composite panel of the engineered wood product category. However, CLT has been mentioned by many publications as a building or a construction system. Suggestions were raised to clarify to all readers with respect to misconceptions, and elucidate the construction systems capable of using it as the main resource. Discussions evinced the characteristics and potentials of this wood product. Even with its increasing application in tall buildings, the commercial application of CLT in low-rise buildings may be boosted by the possibility of large-scale production of industrialized houses.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018
Consideration of environmental impacts caused by buildings with the aim of reducing environmental loads has become a high priority for the construction sector. Since the geometry and the size of buildings, two of the multiple design factors, are assumed to affect the building environmental profile, the current paper discusses the influence of the building shape on the building environmental performance. Thus, a life-cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for five simplified reference building models with identical thermal envelope and structural properties, which were used to represent smaller residential timber building typologies such as detached (DH), semi-detached (SDH), terraced (TH), two-storey (2SH) and three-storey houses (3SH). The numerical analysis was performed with the "Baubook eco2soft" tool indicating the environmental performance of the building through the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP) and non-renewable primary energy content (PENRT) for the lifespans of 50 (50y) and 100 (100y) years. The results show a clear linear correlation between the building shape and environmental performance allowing for the use of linear interpolation and extrapolation as a simple tool to predict an approximate building environmental profile with respect to the building shape. Additionally, the findings offer suggestions towards the improvement of certain building design parameters, which presents a valuable support to building design processes.
The research presented in this paper revolves around the experimental development of the morpho-structural potential of folded architectural structures made of wood. The aims are to develop an innovative system for timber used in sustainable construction and to increase the inventory of wood architectural tectonics. First, this article provides a characterization of the digital chain associated to the development of non-standard folded structures consisting of wood panels. The purpose is to study the architectural design process from parametric modeling (through CNC machining) and assembly operations to production by way of a full-scale experimental pavilion. Secondly, a number of analytical experiments have been performed towards the completion of the pavilion, in order to validate the design process.
Very Tall Wooden Buildings with Cross Laminated Timber
Procedia Engineering, 2011
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT, XLAM) is a product extremely well suited for multi-storey buildings because of its versatility. With lengths up to 16 meters and the possibility of extending with mechanical joints or glued connections, widths of up to 2.5 meters depending on manufacturer and thicknesses up to 500 mm, almost any necessary shape can be found on the market today. Developments are still going on rapidly and new possibilities and new applications far from being exhausted. One such new possibility is the use of CLT elements in a combination with a concrete core and structural outriggers in very high buildings, a ́wood-concrete skyscrapeŕ. CLT has already been shown to be very efficient in multi-storey buildings up to 10 storeys. In this paper, an analysis is given of how a concrete core and CLT walls can be used to design very tall buildings in the range of up to 150 meters, but for more than 80% made of timber products. Timber can become an alternative in rapidly expanding cities, where there is a need for high apartment buildings. The building layout uses outriggers at certain intervals, integrated tension cables and CLT structural wall elements in the facades. The design makes optimal use of the advantages of light-weight building elements with comparable structural performance as traditional concrete elements. Savings during the erection stage in terms of money and time are highlighted as well as the CO2 emissions of such a building in comparison with concrete. A concept of the building has been analysed for the location of Shanghai according to the Chinese wind load specifications.
Form Exploration of Timber-based Folded Plate Domes
This paper presents a study on timber-based plate-shell domes with a set base diameter and a variety of topologies using different combinations of perforation ratios. Using a combination of geometry generation and performance optimization, parameters of folds, depth of folds, height of dome and the effect of perforations on structural efficiency, interior lighting and acoustics are explored. The combination of a visual database with both structural and architectural oriented performance parameters, gives the designer added insight in overall form determination. The overall geometry and its tessellation are also discussed in terms of environmental performance.
Architectural Science Association, 2018
Cross- Laminated Timber (CLT) is a contemporary engineered panelised wood product and its use in construction globally is growing due to various benefits. The aim of this research is to design, develop and create a prefabricated envelope system for mass timber construction using CLT. The research capitalises on customisable building panels as they can be fabricated off-site. The design of a prefabricated envelope system is seen as the next frontier in productivity gains. The prefabricated system is designed iteratively and developed using parametric based CAD software (Computer Aided Design). CAD software facilitates the creation of a prefabricated envelope system for Mass Timber Construction (MTC) by establishing geometric relationships that respond to the unique nature of any construction site. The prefabricated envelope system is devised of proprietary joints specific to different types of cladding and unique environmental conditions. The exploration process includes fabricating the iterative schemes to test joint and hinge movement at the correct scale. The final designed envelope system can be optimised and fabricated off-site, delivered to the site, and erected quickly without need for scaffolding. The design and process results in an immense reduction of overall construction time and costs.
GEOMETRICAL ASPECTS FOR THE DESIGN OF PREFABRICATED LOAD-BEARING TIMBER-GLASS-FACADES
The considerable increase in the architectural demands for highly transparent and load-bearing structures have recently resulted in the development of an innovative hybrid structure. This article provides a review of design parameters for Timber-Glass composite facades. The design/architectural question, which arose in the project, was how to define the interface of the prefabricated glass-timber-elements with the shell building. Through different design proposals different criteria as admittance of building tolerance and dilatation, load-bearing transfer capacity, maintenance requirements and architectural and design qualities were defined and verified through 3-d-models, prototypes and mock-ups.