Maize Straw as a Valuable Energetic Material for Biogas Plant Feeding (original) (raw)
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The Possibility of Maize Straw Application as a Substrate for Biogas Plants
2017
The maize straw has a huge energetic potential. In Poland, the maize straw harvest can reach almost 5 million ha per year. With the good perspective for biogas market development in Poland, maize straw can become a good, reasonable substrate for biogas plant and avoid the conflict between food and biofuels production. This paper presents the potential for maize straw used as substrate for biogas plants. The results show that maize straw can be more effective for biogas productivity than maize silage. For 3 kinds of maize straw silage (from 4 analysed in total) the results of methane production were significantly higher (120.14 – 141.73 m/Mg FM) than in case of typical maize silage biomethane efficiency.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2007
There is an increasing world wide demand for energy crops and animal manures for biogas production. To meet these demands, this research project aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and dairy cattle manures. Methane production was measured for 60 days in 1 l eudiometer batch digesters at 38 8C. Manure received from dairy cows with medium milk yield that were fed a well balanced diet produced the highest specific methane yield of 166.3 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 . Thirteen early to late ripening maize varieties were grown on several locations in Austria. Late ripening varieties produced more biomass than medium or early ripening varieties. On fertile locations in Austria more than 30 Mg VS ha À1 can be produced. The methane yield declined as the crop approaches full ripeness. With late ripening maize varieties, yields ranged between 312 and 365 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 (milk ripeness) and 268-286 Nl CH 4 kg VS À1 (full ripeness). Silaging increased the methane yield by about 25% compared to green, non-conserved maize. Maize (Zea mays L.) is optimally harvested, when the product from specific methane yield and VS yield per hectare reaches a maximum. With early to medium ripening varieties (FAO 240-390), the optimum harvesting time is at the ''end of wax ripeness''. Late ripening varieties (FAO ca. 600) may be harvested later, towards ''full ripeness''. Maximum methane yield per hectare from late ripening maize varieties ranged between 7100 and 9000 Nm 3 CH 4 ha À1 . Early and medium ripening varieties yielded 5300-8500 Nm 3 CH 4 ha À1 when grown in favourable regions. The highest methane yield per hectare was achieved from digestion of whole maize crops. Digestion of corns only or of corn cob mix resulted in a reduction in methane yield per hectare of 70 and 43%, respectively. From the digestion experiments a multiple linear regression equation, the Methane Energy Value Model, was derived that estimates methane production from the composition of maize. It is a helpful tool to optimise biogas production from energy crops. The Methane Energy Value Model requires further validation and refinement. #
Conversion of Agricultural Waste (Maize) Into Energy Using Biogas Technology
American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2019
The aim of the study was to examine the biogas and methane yield of maize silage, wastes in agricultural point of view and compare it to the biogas productivity of commonly used mixture of maize silage and mixed fodder with water. The experimental study was carried out into 2 parts. Firstly, the batch experiment was conducted in Mesophilic conditions (35°C), at five different hydraulic retention times (HRT): 6 Days, 11 Days, 20 Days, 29 Days and 41 Days. The results revealed that maize silage was generated the highest biogas yield of 537 mL /241 mL at the HRT of 6 days /41 days. Mixed fodder produced the highest biogas yield of 421 mL at the HRT of 6th days and the lowest one was 252 mL at the HRT of 20th days. Finally, the methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide of biogas produced from maize silage and mixed fodder were analyzed using a gas chromatography. The results showed that biogas from maize silage precede the gas less than the mixed fodder. In the field level experimen...
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM FRESH MAIZE BIOMASS
2010
There is a need to find acceptable energy crops for biogas production for the climatic and soil conditions in Latvia. The average annual dry matter yields from maize vary from 12 to 16 t·ha -1 under the climatic conditions in Latvia. Biogas yield from fresh maize biomass was investigated in dependence on the harvesting time of maize. The maize varieties Tango and Celido were harvested in September 8, September 20 and October 8. For biogas investigations 6 laboratory fermenters of 5 litres volume, operating in batch mode were used. Green maize biomass was mixed with water and animal manure for enhanced anaerobic treatment process. The biogas yield from biomass samples varies from 476 l·kg VOS -1 to 570 l·kg VOS -1 . There were not verifiable advantages in volumes of biogas between the samples harvested in different periods found. The average methane content was in the range from 49.6 % to 59.3 % in biogas from different samples of maize biomass.
Nigerian Journal of Technology
Food waste (FW) contribute to emission of greenhouse gases as well as environmental pollution. One way of reducing the impact of FW on the environment is by using it for biofuel production. The yield of biofuel from FW can be improved if the substrate is pretreated. In this study, ensiling was used as a cost effective method of pretreating FW for biomethane production. Co-ensiling of FW and maize straw (MS) was carried out at carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N) of 20, 25, 30 and 35 for 210 days at ambient temperature. Thereafter, the biomethane potential (BMP) of the silages was determined using an automatic biomethane potential test system. Results showed that ensiling reduced both structural and non-structural carbohydrate components of the silages. BMPs of 385.58, 497.39, 520.53, 551.37, 542.16 and 517.29mL/gVS from the unensiled FW, ensiled FW without MS, co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 20, co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 25, co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 30 and co-ensiled FW at C/N rat...
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2016
The effect of natural mineral on the mono-digestion of maize straw was evaluated in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at 38°C. Different strategies of mineral addition were studied. The organic loading rate (OLR) was varied from 0.5 to 2.5 g volatile solid (VS) L −1 d −1. A daily addition of 1 g mineral L −1 in reactor 2 (R2) diminished the methane production by about 11 % with respect to the initial phase. However, after a gradual addition of mineral, an average methane yield of 257 NmL CH 4 g VS −1 was reached and the methane production was enhanced by 30 % with regard to R1. An increase in the frequency of mineral addition did not enhance the methane production. The archaeal community was more sensitive to the mineral than the bacterial population whose similarity stayed high between R1 and R2. Significant difference in methane yield was found for both reactors throughout the operation.
Relevant Biogas Substrate - Maize Silage vs Slaughterhouse Waste
2017
The lack of support for construction and operation of installation of biogas plants in Poland makes looking for cheap and efficient substrates. The most commonly used substrate is maize silage. This is related to the high biogas efficiency and the advanced technology of its extraction. The problem, however, is the cost of buying the silage by the biogas plants, which has grown considerably in recent years, due to its wide use. It finds food applications, is a rich nutrition source for animals but is also the most commonly used substrate in the production of renewable energy for production of bioethanol as well as in biogas fermentation. As a result, maize is a desirable substrate on the market. This paper indicates the possibility of using of post-slaughter waste in biogas plants. The methane fermentation of these waste materials allows them to be safely disposed of, so that these substrates can be obtained for a small fee or even for free. Slaughterhouse waste materials have also s...
Characterization of Mechanically Pretreated Wheat Straw for Biogas Production
BioEnergy Research
Biogas production from wheat straw is one strategy of converting biomass to bioenergy, but pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material is necessary in order to render the substrate biodegradable. In this study, four different mechanical pretreatments of wheat straw were investigated: roll milling, extrusion, pelletization, and hammer milling. The effects of the pretreatments on anaerobic digestion (AD) at 37 °C and on enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) with Cellic CTec2 at 50 °C were analyzed in terms of biochemical methane potential (BMP), maximum daily methane production (DMPmax), and EH yield as amount of released glucan/initial glucan content. Roll milling generated the highest BMP of 287 NmL CH4 gVS−1, an increase of 21% compared with untreated wheat straw. Extrusion provided the highest methane production rate (52 NmL CH4 gVS−1 day−1), the lowest floating capacity, and a high bulk density. It was further concluded that a linear relationship exists between the DMPmax and the EH yield (...