Spring and early summer species of Cortinarius, subgenus Telamonia, section Colymbadini and /Flavobasilis, in the mountains of western North America (original) (raw)
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Cortinarius, subgenus Telamonia, section Disjungendi, cryptic species in North America and Europe
Cortinarius disjungendus and morphologically similar species were studied using ITS sequences of nine type collections and 18 specimens in the study group, as well as 13 sequences from public sequence repositories, including sequences of three type specimens. In addition, previously published rpb2 sequences were used to provide the phylogenetic position of species in the subgenus Telamonia. Based on these results, the new section Disjungendi, subgenus Telamonia, is proposed. Six species belong to this section: C. claroplaniusculus, C. disjungendus, C. disjungendulus, C. olididisjungendus, C. orasericeus, and C. piceidisjungendus. Of these, C. disjungendus, C. disjungendulus, and C. claroplaniusculus are to date only known from Europe, whereas the others occur both in North America and Europe. Based on ITS sequences, three of the six species had taxonomic synonyms: C. claroplaniusculus (synonym C. hymenoluctus and C. planodepressus), C. disjungendus (synonyms C. remauxii, C. conicosordescens, and C. solivagus), and C. orasericeus (synonym C. brunneofulvus f. myrtillophilus). This study demonstrates how difficult it can be to identify species only on the basis of morphology, and emphasizes the importance of molecular studies of type and of other specimens, particularly in groups with cryptic taxa.
Cortinarius sect. Armillati in northern Europe
Mycologia
Cortinarius sect. Armillati (subgenus Telamonia) was studied extensively based on morphology and molecular data. A total of about 1000 specimens, mostly from Fennoscandia, were revised. The nomenclature of the species was confirmed by sequencing the type material. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by analyses of ITS, and the results were compared with the morphological and ecological data. Based on macro- and micromorphological characters, as well as molecular data, section Armillati contains only the medium to large species with slightly hygrophanous pileus and ± reddish or in some species yellowish brown to rose brown universal veils. The other red-brown-veiled species, previously included in Armillati, seem to belong to at least seven different sections or clades: sect. Anthracini, sect. Boulderenses, sect. Brunneotincti p.p., sect. Cinnabarini, sect. Fulvescentes, /Fuscoperonatus, and /Praestigiosus. Our study recognized six Armillati species from northern Europe: C. armi...
Mycological Progress
Section Anomali is a species-rich group in North America belonging to Cortinarius, the most diverse genus in the Agaricales. This study is based on extensive morphological investigations and molecular methods using 191 nrDNA ITS sequence data and recovered 43 phylogenetic species from which 14 are described here as new to science. We sequenced ten type materials which belonged to eight species. The synonymy of C. caesiellus with C. albidipes and C. copakensis with C. albocyaneus is proposed here. The North American occurrence of four species (C. albocyaneus, C. anomalus, C. caninus, and C. tabularis), so far known only from Europe, was confirmed. Thirteen species were not formally described here due to lack of relevant information. An identification key to the known Anomali species in North America is provided.
Cortinarius section Sanguinei in North America
Mycologia
The North American species of Cortinarius section Sanguinei were studied using morphological characters and ITS and RPB2 sequence data. Several type collections were also examined. Four species were identified: C. harrisonii sp. nov, C. neosanguineus sp. nov., C. sanguineus, and C. sierraensis comb. nov. Of these, C. sanguineus also occurs in Europe together with C. puniceus, a fifth member of the section. Typical features of these species include ± red, fairly small basidiomata, stipe basal mycelium often with yellow to reddish yellow tints, amygdaloid to ellipsoid spores, and aniline-red lamellar trama and pileipellis hyphae when mounted in KOH. Two other species with red lamellae C. marylandensis comb. nov. and C. smithii stat. nov. & nom. nov. are also discussed.