Enhancement of surface properties of steel samples using new technique for electroless nickel plating (original) (raw)
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Tribology in Industry, 2017
A technology to improve the tribological and mechanical surface properties of iron alloys is developed based on the electroless nickel plating. The technology combines sol-gel and electroless deposition technique. Novel nanocomposite coatings are obtained consisting of Nickel-phosphorusnanodiamond (Ni-P-ND). The ND sol is added directly to the electroless NiP solution. A suitable surfactant is added to achieve well-dispersed ND particles in the electroless solution to facilitate their embodiment and equal distribution in the coating. Substrates of steel 17CrNiMo6 and spheroidal graphite cast irons are used for the manufacture of the iron alloys specimens. The surface morphology and microstructure observation performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical metallography confirms the influence of ND particles on the coating structure. The structural phase investigation by X Ray analysis indicates a transformation of the amorphous phase to a crystalline one such as Ni, Ni3P after coatings' heat treatment. The microhardness investigation by Knoop
Improvement of electroless nickel coatings
This paper describes research and technology developments that enable to improve nickel electroless coating properties. This work deals with: (a) different methods in order to achieve Ni-P-Mo coatings. (b) Other development is related with coatings with addition of hard particles such as SiC, WC or Al 2 O 3 ,(c) Electroless nickel deposits on PBT and austempered ductile iron (ADI). (d) In addition, nickel coatings were deposited on powder metallic pieces and finally, electroless nickel coatings, in conjunction with layers from thermal spray process were formed. Characterization of all coatings by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro-hardness, wear and corrosion tests were carried out. Results indicate positive increment in both mechanical and electrochemical properties which enhance field applications in Mexican industry.
Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – A critical review
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013
The development of metal deposition processes based on electroless nickel, alloy and composite coatings on various surfaces has witnessed a surge in interest among researchers, with many recent applications made possible from many excellent properties. In recent years, these coatings have shown promising corrosion and wear resistance properties and large number of newer developments became most important from macro to nano level 1 applications. After a brief review of the fundamental aspects underlying the coating processes, this paper discusses in detail about different electroless nickel alloy, composite, nano plating, bath techniques, preparation, characterization, new depositing mechanism and their recent applications, including brief notes on difficult substrate and waste treatment for green environment. Emphasis will be on to their recent progress, which will be discussed in detail and critically reviewed.
Optimization Studies on Electroless Nickel Coatings
International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, 2014
Electroless nickel coating is a novel method of coating which can be developed in various combinations of alloys and composites each having its unique set of characteristics. Electroless nickel coatings are mainly used for wear and corrosion resistant properties. However, additional characteristics like smoothness of deposit, low friction, descent plating rate, electrical and magnetic properties also make them suitable for a host of applications. The properties of electroless nickel coatings depend mainly on the electroless solution ingredients as well as deposition conditions. Important deposition parameters include bath temperature, concentration of nickel source, concentration of reducing agent, pH of the solution, concentration of surfactants, and so on. Moreover, heat treatment is found to modify the microstructure of the coating and influence certain properties viz. hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. A large number of works have been published by the researc...
Experimental Investigations on Electro less Plating of Nickel on Steel
2015
Electroless nickel plating on steel is carried out by a chemical reaction and without the use of an external source of electricity. In electroless nickel plating, nickel chloride will come as a metallic salt and is reduced by using Sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent to nickel metal, which then is deposited on the steel. This process has now become an established industrial technique and gained increasing importanc. By such means not only pure metals but also alloys can be deposited on ferrous and non-ferrous materials to improve their surface characteristics. By using appropriate peeplate treatment methods, a wide range of plastics and ceramics can also be plated by electroless methods. These processes have particular advantages in the field where galvanic processes can only be used at great expense or where they fail completely. The present paper studies the effect of different process parameters during electroless plating of nickel on steel. The effect of bath temperature,...
Tribology of electroless nickel coatings – A review
Materials & Design, 2011
Electroless coating is different from the conventional electrolytic coating as the former does not require any electricity for its operation. The advantages include uniform coating and also nonconductive materials can be coated. Electroless nickel coatings possess splendid tribological properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. For this reason, electroless nickel has found wide applications in aerospace, automobile, electrical and chemical industries. Quest for improved tribological performances has led many researchers to develop and investigate newer variants of electroless nickel coatings like Ni-W-P, Ni-Cu-P, Ni-P-SiC, Ni-P-TiO 2 , and so on. Also the enhancement of tribological characteristics through modification of the coating process parameters has remained a key point of interest in researchers. The technological advancement demands the development of newer coating materials with improved resistance against wear and tear. Electroless nickel has shown huge potential to fit in that space and so the study of its tribological advancement deserves a thorough and exhaustive study. The present article reviews mainly the tribological advancement of different electroless nickel coatings based on the bath types, structure and also the tribo testing parameters in recent years. j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / m a t d e s Ni-Cu-P [21-23] Ni-Co-P [24,25] Ni-P-Sn [26] Quaternary alloys Ni-W-Cu-P [21]
Improvement of the Wear Resistance of Ferrous Alloys by Electroless Plating of Nickel
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The electroless nickel (Ni) and composite nickel-nanodiamond (Ni+DND) coatings are investigated in this study. The method EFTTOM-NICKEL for electroless nickel plating with nanosized strengthening particles (DND 4-6 nm) is applied for the coating deposition. The coatings are deposited on ferrous alloys samples. The wear resistance of the coatings is performed by friction wear tests under 50-400 MPa loading conditions-in accordance with a Polish Standard PN-83/H-04302. The microstructure observations are made by optic metallographic microscope GX41 OLIMPUS and the microhardness is determined by Vickers Method. Tests for wear resistance, thickness and microhardness measurements of the coatings without heat treatment and heat treatment are performed. The heat treatment regime is investigated with the aim to optimize the thermal process control of the coated samples without excessive tempering of the substrate material. The surface fatigue failure is determined by contact fatigue test with the purpose to establish suitable conditions for production of high performance materials.
Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference
Composite nickel coatings composed of Ni; Ni + TiN are studied. The method for elecrtroless nickel deposition EFFTOM-NICKEL with TiN nanosized strengthening particles (50nm) is applied. The coatings are deposited on austempered ductile iron (ADI) samples. The composition of cast iron samples is: Fe-3,63C-2,59Si-0,30Mn-0,010S-0,034P-0,53Cu wt. %. The samples are put under isothermal hardening at 900oС for an hour and isothermal retention at 290 oС for 2 hours with the aim to receive a lower bainite structure. The wear resistance experimental testing is carried out using Taber-Abraser test machine by disk to disk classical method. The microstructure observations of the coatings and padding are performed using an optical microscope GX41 OLIMPUS also the coatings’ microhardness by Knoop Method is examined. The wear resistance, microstructure, thickness and microhardness of the as plated and thermally processed at 290oС for 6 hours coatings are defined.
Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 2008
An additive-free Watts type bath containing micron-and nano-SiC particles (1 µ m and 20 nm respectively), as well as ultrafine-WC particles (200 nm), was used for the production of pure Ni and nickel matrix composite electrocoatings under both direct and pulse current conditions. Moreover, nickel nanocrystalline deposits were obtained from a Watts type bath containing small amounts of 2-butyne-1,4-diol, in order to investigate the combined advantages of additives and pulse technique on the properties of the deposits. The influence of the variable electrolysis parameters, the particle size and the organic additive concentration on the surface morphology, the structure and properties of the deposits were discussed. It has been proved that the application of pulse electrodeposition affects drastically the structural characteristics and properties of the deposits and under well-defined conditions could lead to the preparation of nanostructured materials with improved mechanical properties.
Parametric Analysis of Electroless Nickel Plating-A Review
Electroless nickel plating has now become a very important process for uniform coating of metallic Nickel on substrate. Specially for coating of carbon fibres, which would be used as reinforcement in Aluminium so as to get a composite with combine high strength and high modulus of carbon fibers and good ductility and high toughness of Aluminium alloy. In order to eliminate the problems associated with composite manufacturing (which are-poor wettability, problem of distribution, boundary reaction between metal and carbon fibre etc.) uniform EN plating in controlled environment turn out to be best solution. However without optimization of different coating parameters like –electrolyte concentration, Temperature, PH. range, metal ion concentration and reducer’s concentration etc., uniform and economical coating is not possible our paper studies the effects of these parameters on EN coating of carbon fibre. Also the paper studies the role of Reducing agent, Accelerator, Complexing agents and Stabilizers on coating rate.