Bimodality in the Berlin model of intelligence structure (BIS): A replication study (original) (raw)
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Psicothema, 2011
More than a century of controversy on intelligence concerning its structure has lead to two opposite approaches: one defending a general (g) factor as the best and the suffi cient construct to represent intelligence ; the other one, proposing a multifactor perspective and taking intelligence formed by several independent aptitudes . Progressively, hierarchical models are proposed to solve this controversy combining general or higher order factors with primary aptitudes . A more recent proposal of higher and lower factor level combination is present in the three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities, usually known as the CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) theory. This theory implies that, after the correlations among 80 primary aptitudes, a dozen of second-order factors is proposed, as well as a third level of factor analyses with a general factor quite similar to Spearman's g factor
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence and the Berlin Model of Intelligence Structure (BIS)
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2002
Summary: Assessment of intelligence is often based on fluid (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc), and - in the German-speaking countries - the Berlin Model of Intelligence Structure (BIS). As yet, however, the two approaches have not been systematically related to each other. The present study therefore aims to identify possible relationships between the approaches. We hypothesize that gf is related to “processing capacity” and “memory” in the BIS, whereas gc is related to “fluency” and “knowledge” and, to a lesser degree, to “processing capacity.” We also assume “processing speed” to be related to both gf and gc. All components of the BIS that are relevant to the present study were measured by means of the BIS-r-DGP test, which, together with “knowledge” scales, was administered to 9,520 persons in the context of personnel selection. The following results were obtained: First, the BIS was replicated by factor analysis of the BIS-r-DGP test. Second, “knowledge” was shown to form ...
The structure of human intelligence
In a heterogeneous sample of 436 adult individuals who completed 42 mental ability tests, we evaluated the relative statistical performance of three major psychometric models of human intelligence-the Cattell-Horn fluidcrystallized model, Vernon's verbal-perceptual model, and Carroll's three-strata model. The verbal-perceptual model fit significantly better than the other two. We improved it by adding memory and higher-order image rotation factors. The results provide evidence for a four-stratum model with a g factor and three third-stratum factors. The model is consistent with the idea of coordination of function across brain regions and with the known importance of brain laterality in intellectual performance. We argue that this model is theoretically superior to the fluid-crystallized model and highlight the importance of image rotation in human intellectual function. D ). Much has been written about psychometric models of the structure of human intelligence, and they are routinely used as underlying assumptions in designing psychological research studies and for developing assessment tools. Surprisingly, however, the most well-established models have been subject to almost no empirical scrutiny in the form of assessment of comparative performance using modern confirmatory factor analytic techniques. In particular, Carroll's (1993) thorough and methodical exploratory analysis of more than 460 data sets of mental ability tests did not address this issue, a point he acknowledged in his final (2003, p. 12) publication, noting that his methodology bsuffered from a lack of adequate procedures for establishing the statistical significance of findingsQ. This is an important omission, as the objective evaluation of these models and the theories that generated them should result in more powerful theories, thereby making better use of monetary and intellectual resources and avoiding conceptual dead ends. The purpose of this study was to correct this omission, in the process using confirmatory factor analysis as a form of bstrong inferenceQ .
Structural invariance of multiple intelligences, based on the level of execution
Psicothema, 2011
The independence of multiple intelligences (MI) of Gardner's theory has been debated since its conception. This article examines whether the one-factor structure of the MI theory tested in previous studies is invariant for low and high ability students. Two hundred ninety-four children (aged 5 to 7) participated in this study. A set of Gardner's Multiple Intelligence assessment tasks based on the Spectrum Project was used. To analyze the invariance of a general dimension of intelligence, the different models of behaviours were studied in samples of participants with different performance on the Spectrum Project tasks with Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA). Results suggest an absence of structural invariance in Gardner's tasks. Exploratory analyses suggest a three-factor structure for individuals with higher performance levels and a two-factor structure for individuals with lower performance levels.
Intelligence, 2005
In a heterogeneous sample of 436 adult individuals who completed 42 mental ability tests, we evaluated the relative statistical performance of three major psychometric models of human intelligence-the Cattell-Horn fluidcrystallized model, Vernon's verbal-perceptual model, and Carroll's three-strata model. The verbal-perceptual model fit significantly better than the other two. We improved it by adding memory and higher-order image rotation factors. The results provide evidence for a four-stratum model with a g factor and three third-stratum factors. The model is consistent with the idea of coordination of function across brain regions and with the known importance of brain laterality in intellectual performance. We argue that this model is theoretically superior to the fluid-crystallized model and highlight the importance of image rotation in human intellectual function. D ). Much has been written about psychometric models of the structure of human intelligence, and they are routinely used as underlying assumptions in designing psychological research studies and for developing assessment tools. Surprisingly, however, the most well-established models have been subject to almost no empirical scrutiny in the form of assessment of comparative performance using modern confirmatory factor analytic techniques. In particular, Carroll's (1993) thorough and methodical exploratory analysis of more than 460 data sets of mental ability tests did not address this issue, a point he acknowledged in his final (2003, p. 12) publication, noting that his methodology bsuffered from a lack of adequate procedures for establishing the statistical significance of findingsQ. This is an important omission, as the objective evaluation of these models and the theories that generated them should result in more powerful theories, thereby making better use of monetary and intellectual resources and avoiding conceptual dead ends. The purpose of this study was to correct this omission, in the process using confirmatory factor analysis as a form of bstrong inferenceQ .
The Validity of a New, Self-report Measure of Multiple Intelligence
Current Psychology, 2009
In all, 187 participants completed a new, self-report measure of eight multiple intelligences , a General Knowledge test (Irwing et al. Personality and Individual Differences 30:857-871, 2001), a measure of Approaches to Learning Styles (Biggs 1987), a measure of the Big Five personality traits (Costa and McCrae 1992), as well as gave their own estimated scores on the Gardner (1999) multiple intelligences. Alpha co-efficients were modest with only three of the eight test-derived, multiple intelligence scores being over .70. 'Linguistic' and Mathematical intelligence alone were correlated with General Knowledge. Five of the eight 'intelligences' were correlated both with Extraversion and Openness. Regressions indicated that 'Intrapersonal intelligence' was closely linked with Stability and Conscientiousness; 'Interpersonal intelligence' with Extraversion; 'Linguistic intelligence' with Openness; 'Mathematical intelligence' with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Correlations between self-estimated and test-derived emotional intelligence showed correlations ranging from r=.18 to r=.56 for similar type 'intelligences'. This study provides modest evidence for the concurrent and construct validity of this measure. It requires more psychometric evidence of validity before it is used.
Intelligence assessment: Gardner multiple intelligence theory as an alternative
Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
In the multiple intelligence framework, newer and more contextualized cognitive tasks are suggested as alternative to more traditional psychometric tests. The purpose of this article is to examine whether or not these two types of instruments converge into a general factor of cognitive performance. Thus, the Battery of General and Differential Aptitudes (BADyG: reasoning, memory, verbal aptitude, numerical aptitude and spatial aptitude) and a set of Gardner's multiple intelligence assessment tasks (linguistic, logical, visual/spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic and musical intelligences) were administered to 294 children aged 5 to 7. The confirmatory factor analysis points out the absence of a common general factor considering both batteries, indicating instead the existence of two general factors, which gather the tests that encompass them. Also, these two general factors correspond to traditional and multiple intelligence assessments and show a statistically moderate correlation between them. These results challenge Gardner's original position on refusing a general factor of intelligence, especially when considering the cognitive dimensions measured which do not coincide with the more traditional tests of intelligence.
Psychometric Approaches to Understanding and Measuring Intelligence
Handbook of Intelligence
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