Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (original) (raw)
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Nutrition Therapy in Managing Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
2018
Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic and endocrine perinatal complication and is a growing health problem worldwide. Considering the fetal programming and its contribution as one of the evolutionary origins of human diseases, it is very important to improve the glucose metabolism in pregnant women, determination of other nutrients, preventing excessive accumulation of fetal fats, emphasis on weight loss measures before pregnancy, dietary intake with low-fat healthy food and prevention of abundant weight loss. In this paper, we have provided a brief review on dietary intake and dietary interventions in GDM from the perspective of nutrition science attending the physiopathology and etiology of the disease. Materials and methods: Electronic search for English and Persian articles has been perform in databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed ,Scopus, Cochrane central ,Science direct, ISC, SID, Magiran, Iran Medex, and Med Libby key words: gestational d...
Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy which can result in short-and long-term adverse outcomes for women and babies. With an increasing prevalence worldwide, there is a need to assess strategies, including dietary advice interventions, that might prevent GDM. Objectives To assess the effects of dietary advice interventions for preventing GDM and associated adverse health outcomes for women and their babies. Search methods We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register (3 January 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs assessing the effects of dietary advice interventions compared with no intervention (standard care), or to different dietary advice interventions. Cluster-RCTs were eligible for inclusion but none were identified. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Data were checked for accuracy. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Main results We included 11 trials involving 2786 women and their babies, with an overall unclear to moderate risk of bias. Six trials compared dietary advice interventions with standard care; four compared low glycaemic index (GI) with moderate-to high-GI dietary advice; one compared specific (high-fibre focused) with standard dietary advice. Dietary advice interventions versus standard care (six trials) 1 Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus (Review)
A Study on Dietary and Physical Modification among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.1\_Jan2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.036.html, 2017
Background: Changes in dietary pattern and sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus that affect the fetal outcome and also increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in later stages of life. Aim: The objective of the study is to assess the food habits and daily nutrient intake of GDM women, to assess the change in physical activity and to assess the perceived dietary changes occur in GDM patients. Methods: Total 60 subjects from 3 different hospitals were enrolled by random sampling from 3 blocks of Allahabad district. Anthropometric measurements were taken for calculating BMI. Dietary intake and physical activity levels were collected by interviewing the subjects using a validated questionnaire. Statistical analysis: Mean test was applied for deducting the relevant results. Results: The results indicate that majority of women had a higher pre-pregnancy weight and BMI. Presence of family history of Type 2 diabetes was 60%. The mean Energy and Protein intake was slightly lower than the RDA. There was excess consumption of Fat and CHO. Calcium and Iron was also deficit by 12% and 26% respectively. Sedentary lifestyle was seen in majority of women. Conclusion: The glaring fact was the consumption of energy-dense diet, high in saturated fat, low in unrefined CHO, deficit Calcium and Iron intake contributed to nutritional inadequacy in GDM women. Lifestyle was sedentary among these women; hence, the emphasis is on physical activity levels, because it is known to be beneficial and safe during pregnancy.
Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus through nutritional factors: a systematic review
BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2017
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy, is increasing worldwide, mostly because obesity among women of reproductive age is continuously escalating. GDM is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this article was to systematically review literature on the effectiveness of nutritional factors before or during pregnancy to prevent GDM. We assessed the primary prevention of GDM through nutritional factors, as diet and supplements. We searched on PubMed, Cochrane Databases and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to June 2016. Clinical trials and adjusted prospective cohort studies were included. Eight clinical trials and twenty observational studies assessing the association between dietary factors and primary prevention of GDM were included. Furthermore, six clinical trials and two observational studies related to supplements were also added. Only two nutritional interventions were found to sign...
Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Care, 2013
OBJECTIVE Medical nutrition therapy based on the control of the amount and distribution of carbohydrates (CHO) is the initial treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing different dietary strategies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a low-CHO diet for the treatment of GDM would lead to a lower rate of insulin treatment with similar pregnancy outcomes compared with a control diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 152 women with GDM were included in this open, randomized controlled trial and assigned to follow either a diet with low-CHO content (40% of the total diet energy content as CHO) or a control diet (55% of the total diet energy content as CHO). CHO intake was assessed by 3-day food records. The main pregnancy outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS The rate of women requiring insulin was not significantly different between the treatment groups (low CHO 54.7% vs. control 54.7%; P ...
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact of Carbohydrate Quality in Diet
Nutrients
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as “glucose intolerance that is first diagnosed during pregnancy”. Mothers with GDM and their infants may experience both short and long term complications. Dietary intervention is the first therapeutic strategy. If good glycaemic control is not achieved, insulin therapy is recommended. There is no consensus on which nutritional approach should be used in GDM. In the last few years, there has been growing evidence of the benefits of a low glycaemic index (LGI) diet on diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The effect of a LGI diet on GDM incidence has been investigated as well. Several studies observed a lower incidence of GDM in LGI diet arms, without adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The main positive effect of the LGI diet was the reduction of 2-h post-prandial glucose (PPG). Several studies have also evaluated the effect of the LGI diet in GDM treatment. Overall, the LGI diet might have beneficial effects on certain outcomes, such ...
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) as the main metabolic disorder in pregnancy has had an increasing prevalence in recent years. Nowadays intrauterine metabolic condition is considered as a critical risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence of fetal programming and its contribution as one of the evolutionary roots of human diseases provides a reason for improvements in controlling glucose metabolism in pregnant women, determining other nutrients, weight loss prior to pregnancy, having healthy diet, and preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is the initial treatment of GDM and obesity is a major challenge for dietary intervention during pregnancy consultations. Today, a high proportion of women are seen with high body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and higher weight gain during pregnancy. In this paper, we provide a brief review on dietary intake and dietary interventions in GDM from the perspective of nutrition sci...
Nutrition in pregnancy with diabetes mellitus
Sanamed
The nutritional needs of diabetic pregnancies are different from normal pregnancies. Differences in nutritional recommendations can also be seen between pregnant women who are using and who are not using insulin therapy. In this literature review, recommendations for different meal proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diets of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus are listed. Different meal plans were also addressed in this group of patients. The role of exercise in the management of diabetes in pregnancy is undeniable and different approaches found in the literature are presented.