COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Anxiety in Pregnant Women (original) (raw)
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Pregnancy-related anxiety during COVID-19: a nationwide survey of 2740 pregnant women
Archives of Women's Mental Health
The aim of this study is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women's anxiety and identify factors most strongly associated with greater changes in anxiety. An anonymous, online, survey of pregnant women (distributed April 3-24, 2020) included a modified pregnancy-related anxiety scale (PRAS) reflecting respondents' perception of pregnancy anxiety before COVID-19 and a current assessment of pregnancy-related anxiety. The difference between these scores was used as the outcome variable. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Two thousand seven hundred forty pregnant women from 47 states completed the survey. 25.8% (N = 706) stopped in-person visits, 15.2% used video visits (N = 415), and 31.8% (N = 817) used phone visits for prenatal care as a result of COVID-19. Those planning a hospital birth dropped from 2641 (96.4%) to 2400 (87.7%) following COVID-19. More than half of women reported increased stress about food running out (59.2%, N = 1622), losing a job or household income (63.7%, N = 1745), or loss of childcare (56.3%, N = 1543). More than a third reported increasing stress about conflict between household members (37.5%, N = 1028), and 93% (N = 2556) reported increased stress about getting infected with COVID-19. Slightly less than half of respondents (either selves or family members) were healthcare workers (41.4%, N = 1133) or worked in essential services (45.5%, N = 1246). In multivariate analysis, those reporting higher agreement with COVID-19-related stressors had greater changes in pre-to post-COVID-19 pregnancy-related anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic is profoundly affecting pregnant women's mental health, and factors independent of pregnancy appear to be driving changes in pregnancy-specific anxiety.
Determination of Anxiety Levels in Pregnant Women During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authorea (Authorea), 2020
Objective: To examine the anxiety caused by COVID-19 pandemic and antenatal care quality of pregnant women during the isolation times. Study Design: Single center cross-sectional study. Setting: Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital. Istanbul, Turkey Population: We studied 174 pregnant, and 117 non-pregnant patients between 05 May (after the start of restrictions) and 31 May (the date restrictions eased) during the covid 19 outbreak. Methods: The data was obtained from both qualitative and quantitative methods using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and life style change questionnaire. Main outcomes and measures: We assesed anxiety levels, behavioral changes and antenatal care quality of pregnant women during Covid-19 pandemic. Results: Pregnant women had higher anxiety STAI state (STAI-S) scores than the nonpregnant women (43,67±10,77 vs. 39,71±9,55, p=0,01). The STAI trait (STAI-T) anxiety scores were similar between the two groups (43,57±8,07vs43,07±9,41, p=0,74). In pregnant women under age 20, STAI-S score was lower (35,86±2,13, p=0,031). 60 of pregnant women were in first trimester, 53 were in second and 61 were in third trimester. STAI-S and STAI-T scores were not statistically different between trimester groups. Cancelling appointments of prenatal care and the fear of going to hospital is obviously high in third trimester (46,9%, p=<0,001; 41,5%, p=0,002). Conclusion: In pregnant women, fear and anxiety felt even more due to quarantine period for covid 19. Evaluation and disseminated use of online health services may be helpfull in patient information and empowerment for situations such as pandemic and isolation times.
Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Advances in health sciences research, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about mental changes for every human being, including pregnant women worldwide. Anxiety will impact the mother and the growth and development of the fetus she is carrying. This study aimed to identify pregnant women's anxiety levels and the risk factors that can cause anxiety in pregnant women during the covid-19 pandemic. Methods. This study uses a quantitative approach. Settings. The location of this research is Jakarta, with a population of all pregnant women in the area. The sample of this study was pregnant women who made antenatal care visits at the independent midwife practice, with a large sample of 223 people. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling (accidental sampling) Designs. This study used a crosssectional study design. Results. This study's results indicate that most mothers experience mild anxiety, 38.6% of pregnant women who experience severe anxiety 17.5%, pregnant women who experience severe anxiety 9% and those who experience very severe anxiety or panic, 3.6% Conclusions. Many factors cause anxiety in pregnant women during the transition to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as maternal characteristics (age, education, and occupation) and obstetric characteristics (gestational age, gravida, and parity).
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has been the cause of agony for millions of people worldwide. Anxiety of losing near ones and stress of rearing children besides bearing the bulk of domestic tasks have led to certain behavioral changes in the pregnant women. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess anxiety, awareness, and behavioral changes among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine and J.N.M. Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, from May 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. All antenatal patients after the second trimester visiting the OPD or maternity ward, satisfying inclusion criteria after formal consent, were considered for the study. Results: Out of a total of 139 patients, mostly primigravida, 122 (87.7%) participants were of 18–33 years age. Observations revealed that 24% more women were worried about their own health after the arrival ...
Anxiety in Pregnant Women During Pandemic Covid-19
2021
The Covid-19 virus pandemic can cause various manifestations, especially in risk groups, one of which is pregnant women. Pregnancy during a pandemic would be a factor that is anxiety pregnant women which can be impact for babies, like premature, Low Birth Weight, and also depression postpartum. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of anxiety of pregnant women during pandemic Covid-19 at the Jaya Kusuma Husada Clinic Malang, East Java Indonesia. The study was conducted from November to December 2020 and is a descriptive study with total sampling using a questionnaire given to pregnant women. Fifty-three pregnant women filled out forms and the data were analyzed using frequency and proportion tables. The results showed that 2% experienced severe anxiety, 32% had moderate-severe anxiety, 42% had moderate anxiety, 23% had mild anxiety and the remaining 2% of mothers had normal. The coronavirus pandemic is causing anxiety to pregnant women. Pregnant women would easily feel...
Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic
Medicine, 2020
Introduction: The article presents a protocol of a cross-sectional study of mental health of pregnant women in relation to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim is to compare differences in anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women between countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will be able to compare differences in perception of the different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, restrictions related to delivery) between countries and according to the epidemic status (number of infected patients, number of reported deaths). The comparisons will also be done according to the COVID-19 status of the participants. Methods and analysis: It is a web-based anonymous survey of pregnant women living in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey is comprised of 3 sections: 1) Questions related to general demography, pregnancy health history, mental health history, socioeconomic factors, as well as perception of fear, burden and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire for anxiety assessment and; 3) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression assessment. Web-based recruitment for health research has proven to be cost-effective and efficient. At current times with the COVID-19 pandemic, limited resources and social distancing restrictions, performing a mental health study involving pregnant women on a large international scale cannot be safely conducted without involving social-media. The fears of pregnant women fall into 3 categories: the medical condition, the economic status and the organization of daily activity. The study has received approval of the medical ethics committee and has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made public through all available media.
COVID-19 associated anxiety and perceived risk among the pregnant women: a cross-sectional study
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2022
Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease, categorized as a global pandemic. Daily implications and coping strategies of pregnant women with coronavirus outbreak is currently unknown. This study will assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP), risk perceptions, anxiety and concerns related to COVID-19.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karachi. Self-reported questionnaires including KAP, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) scale and perception of pregnancy risk questionnaire were administered. Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous variables and were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables. Pearson correlation was calculated to explore linear associations among the perception of pregnancy risk, age, body mass index (BMI), and gestation. All data analysis was done using STATA 16.0.Results: The 575 pregnant women were enrolled with an average age of 26.07 year...
An Overview of Anxiety Levels in Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Gaceta Médica de Caracas
Pregnant women often experience anxiety because hormonal changes affect physical and psychological changes during pregnancy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women are worried about regular checkups during pregnancy in the health services because they are afraid of being exposed to the virus, especially in cities or regions with social restrictions. This study aims to describe the anxiety levels in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Depression Levels in Pregnant Women
Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 2022
Objective: Our objectives in this study are to understand the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health during pregnancy and to determine the levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of pregnant women about COVID-19 infection during the pandemic period, to be able to provide evidence-based data to all authorities involved in the prevention of depression and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our secondary objective is to determine pregnant women's risk and protective factors regarding the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires were applied to pregnant women to assess depression and anxiety. The same questionnaire was previously applied to pregnant participants for another study before the pandemic. In addition, the same questionnaire was applied to the pregnant participants during the pandemic process. The questionnaire was applied face-to-face to pregnant women admitted to the hospital, while those who could not come to the hospital were given a link to the electronic version of the questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,527 participants were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups as pre-pandemic and pandemic-period. Demographic data were similar, while BMI values were significantly higher in the pandemic group (p:0.002). Gravida values were also significantly higher in the pre-pandemic group. The BAI and BDI scores of the group in the pandemic were 21.50±12.15 and 23.61±11.03, respectively, and the BAI and BDI scores of the pre-pandemic group were 12.70±11.78 and 12.33±9.39, respectively. The BAI and BDI scores were significantly higher in the pandemic-period group than in the pre-pandemic group. Conclusion: BDI and BAI scores increased in pregnant women during the pandemic. It is possible to improve the psychological conditions of pregnant women and prevent complications by recognizing the psychological conditions of pregnant women, provide information and emotional support, and provide other psychological interventions to help them recover.
COVID-19 and Anxiety in Perinatal Women
Journal of Caring Sciences
Introduction: With a global pandemic like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreading across borders, creating an extensive fear amongst all groups alike due to the increased morbidity and mortality, there is uncertainty in all patients affected. The government policy of quarantine of pregnant and postnatal women with COVID-19 in hospitals leads to ironic isolation and loneliness, mounting anxiety and fear of unknown outcomes. This study was undertaken to assess maternal anxiety in relation to COVID-19 and to observe factors influencing anxiety, drawing on anxiety scoring scales and a comparison of the levels of anxiety between antenatal and postnatal mothers. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 123 perinatal women with COVID-19 and their levels of anxiety were assessed on the basis of a pre-formed questionnaire, using the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (GAD-7). The levels of anxiety between antenatal a...