Surfing Momentum, Mass, Energy and Dark Matter (original) (raw)

The datasets by Bertozzi [9] and by Lund and Uggerhøj [10] show that an electron with kinetic energy (normalised with respect to its rest energy) near to or greater than 2 is underestimated by Einstein’s generalised formula for the energy of a moving object/particle. Also, the datasets show that the highest kinetic deficit in Einstein’s formula occurs at the data point with the highest kinetic energy or highest speed. This energy deficit or anomaly becomes evident when energy is plotted again speed. It is not so evident vice versa, as is often the case; hence the anomaly was not identified. A new definition of energy incorporating the surfing momentum of a particle on its phase (S) surface is proposed. This new definition predicts or explains the observed energy deficit in Einstein’s generalised formula and can further our understanding of the nature of rest mass, rest energy and massless particles. Using the criterion of least squares, it is shown that the new formula performs bett...