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Computer Assisted Surgical Planner for Craniofacial Reconstruction - Imaging Techniques
Geometric Modeling and Imaging--New Trends (GMAI'06)
Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) have had an enormous impact in medicine. Using medical imagery, Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) systems decrease the invasiveness of surgical procedures, increase accuracy and facilitate surgical planning and analysis. Craniofacial anomalies and fine anatomic details of facial traumic injuries can be well studied with such imaging techniques. This research is focused on reconstruction of human hard/soft tissues and anthropometric landmarks for craniofacial surgery. The data capture devices used include CT scanner, 3D Laser Scanner and Close Range Photogrammetry. The visualization of soft tissue superimposed on hard tissue, display of tissue with varying opacity, and cutting of tissues for detailed analysis and planning has been demonstrated in this paper.
The Future in Craniofacial Surgery: Computer-Assisted Planning
Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 2012
Advancements in computers, prototyping, and imaging, especially over the last 10 years, have permitted the adoption of three-dimensional imaging protocols in the health care field. In this article, the authors present an integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning and treatment. Image fusion technology, which involves combining different imaging modalities, was utilized to create a realistic prototype and virtual image that can be manipulated in real time. The resultant data can then be shared over the Internet with distantly located practitioners.
Craniofacial Surgery Simulation Using Volumetric Object Representations
Papers of Technical …, 2006
Abstract; Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) systems facilitate surgical planning and analysis by aligning various datasets with information on morphology (MRI, CT, MR angiographies), cortical function (fMRI) or metabolic activity (PET, SPECT). These systems are categorized ...
Virtual Surgical Planning in Craniofacial Surgery
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2014
The complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the craniofacial skeleton increases the complexity of reconstructing this region and creates a challenge when attempting to achieve excellent aesthetic outcomes. Traditionally, reconstructive surgery for conditions such as craniosynostosis and complex facial malformations has relied on the surgeon's subjective assessment of form and aesthetics preoperatively and intraoperatively, with intraoperative decision making based on such factors as the location of bone cuts and the shape of bone segments for craniofacial reconstruction. Although good outcomes can and are often achieved, the highly subjective nature of this process results in variable surgeon-specific outcomes and can also lead to prolonged surgical time.
Computer Assisted Planning in Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 2006
In cranio-maxillofacial surgery physicians are often faced with the reconstruction of massively destroyed or radically resected tissue structures caused by trauma or tumours. Also corrections of dislocated bone fragments up to the complete modeling of facial regions in cases of complex congenital malformations are common tasks of plastic and reconstructive surgeons. With regard to the individual anatomy and physiology, such procedures have to be planned and executed thoroughly in order to achieve the best functional as well as an optimal aesthetic rehabilitation. On this account a computer-assisted modeling, planning and simulation approach is presented that allows for preoperative assessment of different therapeutic strategies on the basis of three-dimensional patient models. Bone structures can be mobilized and relocated under consideration of anatomical and functional constraints. The resulting facial appearance is simulated via finite-element methods on the basis of a biomechanical tissue model, and visualized using high quality rendering techniques. Such an approach is not only important for preoperative mental preparation, but also for vivid patient information, documentation, quality assurance as well as for surgical education and training.
A Web-Based, Integrated Simulation System for Craniofacial Surgical Planning
2009
Background: Advances in computing over the last 10 years have rapidly improved imaging and simulation in health care. Implementation of three-dimensional protocols and image fusion techniques are moving diagnosis, treatment planning, and teaching to a next-generation paradigm. In addition, decreasing cost and increasing availability make generalized use of these techniques possible. Methods: In this article, the authors present a Web-based, integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning and treatment. Image fusion technology was utilized to create a realistic virtual image that can be manipulated in real time. The resultant data can then be shared over the Internet by distantly located practitioners. Results: Initial use of this system proved to be beneficial from a planning standpoint and to be accurate as to the reliability of landmark identification. Additional case studies are needed to further document the results of actual surgical simulation. Conclusion: This technology presents significant advantages in surgical planning and education, both of which can improve patient safety and outcomes. (Plast.
Interactive simulation of cranial surgery in a computer aided design environment
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 1996
Accurate pre-surgical planning is a prerequisite for successful craniofacial surgery. This paper introduces a simulation system developed in a computer aided design (CAD) environment, where a 3-D mathematical model of the skull is entered. The architecture of the program yields a flexible and easy-to-use system that allows the simulation of surgery on the wire frame image of the model. Possible actions simulated are osteotomy, bending, rotation, translation and removal. Numerical values for anatomical distances and the intracranial volume are easily calculated. Information on the techniques used and the numerical data resulting from the simulation can be stored. Plots of intermediate steps of the simulation or of contours of separate pieces permit feed-back to the operating theatre.
2000
This study presents a computer-assisted planning system for dysgnathia treatment. It describes the process of information gathering using a virtual articulator and how the splints are constructed for orthognathic surgery. The deviation of the virtually planned splints is shown in six cases on the basis of conventionally planned cases. In all cases the plaster models were prepared and scanned using a 3D laser scanner. Successive lateral and posterior-anterior cephalometric images were used for reconstruction before surgery. By identifying specific points on the X-rays and marking them on the virtual models, it was possible to enhance the 2D images to create a realistic 3D environment and to perform virtual repositioning of the jaw. A hexapod was used to transfer the virtual planning to the real splints. Preliminary results showed that conventional repositioning could be replicated using the virtual articulator.
Risk reduction in craniofacial surgery using computer-based modeling and intraoperative immersion
Studies in health technology and informatics, 2002
We present a two-stage concept for risk reduction in craniofacial surgery, consisting of preoperative risk modeling and intraoperative risk reduction. Preoperatively it is important to find and to visualize risk sources in order to minimize them. Our risk model is composed by superimposition of an isotropic risk potential and an anisotropic tissue field constituent. It is being applied to preoperative planning and simulation of craniofacial surgeries, for example to determine an access path with least overall risk value. In the operation room risks arise mainly from the absence of preoperative planning and simulation data in the operation field. We use a see-through head-mounted display to optimize this situation in order to allow the surgeon to maintain accuracy in the whole process of computer aided surgery. Main steps of the intraoperative immersion are optical tracking of the surgeon wearing the head-mounted display and of the patient, registration of preoperatively calculated p...
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2010
Background: Craniofacial surgery can be challenging to teach and learn. To augment the intraoperative learning experience for surgical trainees and to provide a resource for practicing craniofacial surgeons to review uncommonly performed procedures before entering the operating room, a series of threedimensional animations were created encompassing the most commonly performed craniofacial procedures. Methods: Previously created three-dimensional craniofacial digital models were used to create digital animations of craniofacial surgical procedures using Maya 8.5. Digital models were altered systematically within Maya to recreate the ordered steps of each craniofacial procedure. Surgical tools were imported into Maya for use in the animations using computer-aided manufacturing files obtained directly from the manufacturer. Results: Nine craniofacial procedures were animated: genioplasty, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy, Le Fort I osteotomy, unifocal mandibular distraction, mandibular transport distraction, fronto-orbital advancement with cranial vault remodeling, Le Fort III advancement/ distraction, and monobloc advancement/distraction. All major surgical steps are demonstrated, including exposure, execution of the osteotomy, displacement of the bone composite, and the predicted morphologic changes to the craniofacial contour. Throughout the surgical animation, the view of the surgeon in the operating room is incorporated to reproduce the vantage of the surgeon, and the overlying tissue is rendered transparent to illustrate critical underlying anatomical relationships. Conclusions: The first virtual surgical atlas of craniofacial procedures is presented. These animations should serve as a resource for trainees and practicing surgeons in preparation for craniofacial surgical procedures.