Shrub Encroachment Affects the Diversity of Plants, Butterflies, and Grasshoppers on Two Swiss Subalpine Pastures (original) (raw)

Abstract

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (84)

  1. Alewell, C., and Bebi, P., 2011: Forest development in the European Alps and potential consequences on hydrological regime. In Bredemeier, M., Cohen, S., Gobold, D. L., Lode, E., Pichler, V., and Schleppi, P. (eds.), Forest Management and the Water Cycle. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, 111-126.
  2. Anthelme, F., Grossi, J., Brun, J., and Didier, L., 2001: Consequences of green alder expansion on vegetation changes and arthropod communities removal in the northern French Alps. Forest Ecology and Management, 145: 57-65.
  3. Anthelme, F., Michalet, R., Barbaro, L., and Brun, J., 2003: Environmental and spatial influences of shrub cover (Alnus viridis DC.) on vegetation diversity at the upper treeline in the inner western Alps. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35: 48-55.
  4. Anthelme, F., Villaret, J., and Brun, J., 2007: Shrub encroachment in the Alps gives rise to the convergence of sub-alpine communities on a regional scale. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18: 355-362.
  5. Archer, S., Boutton, T. W., and Hibbard, K. A., 2001: Trees in grasslands: biogeochemical consequences of woody plant expansion. In Schulze, E. D., Heimann, M., Harrison, S., Holland, E., Lloyd, J., Prentice, I., and Schimel, D. (eds.), Global biogeochemical cycles in the climate system. San Diego: Academic Press, 115-138.
  6. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G., Brouwer, F., and Godeschalk, F., 1996: Farming at the Margins: Abandonment or Redeployment of Agricultural Land in Europe. London and The Hague: Institute for European Environmental Policy (London) and the Netherlands Agricultural Research Centre.
  7. Balmer, O., and Erhardt, A., 2000: Consequences of succession on extensively grazed grasslands for Central European butterfly communities: rethinking conservation practices. Conservation Biology, 14(3): 746-757.
  8. Bätzing, W., 2005: Die Alpen-Geschichte und Zukunft einer europäischen Kulturlandschaft. München: C.H. Beck.
  9. Baur, B., Baur, H., Roesti, C., and Roesti, D., 2006a: Die Heuschrecken der Schweiz. Bern, : Haupt.
  10. Baur, P., Bebi, P., Gellrich, M., and Rutherford, G., 2006b: WaSAlp- Waldausdehnung im Schweizer Alpenraum. Eine quantitative Analyse naturräumlicher und sozio-ökonomischer Ursachen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Agrarstrukturwandels. Schlussbericht. Birmensdorf, Switzerland: Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt WSL, 65 pp., http://www.wsl.ch/projects/WaSAlp.
  11. Bischof, N., 1984: Pflanzensoziologische Untersuchungen von Sukzessionen aus gemähten Magerrasen in der subalpinen Stufe der Zentralalpen. Beiträge zur geobotanischen Landesaufnahme der Schweiz, 60: 128 pp.
  12. Borcard, D., and Legendre, P., 2002: All-scale spatial analysis of ecological data by means of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Ecological Modelling, 153: 51-68.
  13. Borcard, D., Legendre, P., and Drapeau, P., 1992: Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology, 73(3): 1045- 1055.
  14. Brändli, U., 2000: Waldzunahme in der Schweiz: gestern und morgen. Informationsblatt Forschungsbereich Landschaft, 45: 1-4.
  15. Bühler-Cortesi, T., 2009: Schmetterlinge-Tagfalter der Schweiz. Bern: Haupt Verlag.
  16. Cavallero, A., Aceto, P., Gorlier, A., Lombardi, G., Lonati, M., Martinasso, B., and Tagliatori, C., 2007: I tipi pastorali delle Alpi piemontesi: vegetazione e gestione dei pascoli delle Alpi occidentali. Bologna: A Perdisa Editore.
  17. Chemini, C., and Rizzoli, A., 2003: Land use change and biodiversity conservation in the Alps. Journal of Mountain Ecology, 7 (Supplement): 1-7.
  18. Connell, J. H., and Slatyer, R. O., 1977: Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. The American Naturalist, 111: 1119-1144.
  19. Crivelli, F., 2011: Historische Entwicklung der Landnutzung in den Sömmerungsgebieten der Region Moesa seit 1880. Zürich: Masterarbeit am Departement Umweltwissenschaften and der ETH, 173 pp.
  20. Delarze, R., and Gonseth, Y., 2008: Lebensräume der Schweiz. Bern: Ott Verlag.
  21. DeLuca, T. H., and Zackrisson, O., 2007: Enhanced soil fertility under Juniperus communis in arctic ecosystems. Plant Soil, 294: 147-155.
  22. Dullinger, S., Dirnböck, T., and Grabherr, G., 2003: Patterns of shrub invasion into high mountain grasslands of the northern calcareous Alps, Austria. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35: 434-441.
  23. El-Bana, M. I., Nijs, I., and Kockelbergh, F., 2002: Microenvironmental and vegetational heterogeneity induced by phytogenetic nebkhas in an arid coastal ecosystem. Plant and Soil, 247: 283-293.
  24. Eldridge, D. J., Bowker, M. A., Maestre, F. T., Roger, E., Reynolds, J. F., and Whitford, W. G., 2011: Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 14: 709-722.
  25. Erhardt, A., 1985: Diurnal Lepidoptera: sensitive indicators of cultivated and abandoned grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22: 849-861.
  26. Fartmann, T., Krämer, B., Stelzner, F., and Poniatowski, D., 2012: Orthoptera as ecological indicators for succession in steppe grassland. Ecological Indicators, 20: 337-344.
  27. Freléchoux, F., Meisser, M., and Gillet, F., 2007: Succession secondaire et perte de diversité végétale après réduction du broutage dans un pâturage boisé des Alpes centrales suisses. Botanica Helvetica, 117: 37-56.
  28. Ganskopp, D., and Vavra, M., 1987: Slope use for cattle, feral horses, and bighorn sheep. Northwest Science, 61: 74-81.
  29. Graff, P., Agular, M. R., and Chaneton, E. J., 2007: Shifts in positive and negative plant interactions along a grazing intensity gradient. Ecology, 88: 188-199.
  30. Guillaume Blanchet, F., Legendre, P., and Borcard, D., 2008: Forward selection of explanatory variables. Ecology, 89: 2623-2632.
  31. Güsewell, S., Jewell, P. L., and Edwards, P. J., 2005: Effects of heterogenous habitat use by cattle on nutrient availability and litter decomposition in soils of an Alpine pasture. Plant and Soil, 268: 135-149.
  32. Hodkinson, I. D., Webb, N. R., Bale, J. S., and Block, W., 1999: Hydrology, water availability and tundra ecosystem function in a changing climate: the need for a closer integration of ideas? Global Change Biology, 5: 359-369.
  33. Hohl, M., 2006: Spatial and Temporal Variation of Grasshopper and Butterfly Communities in Differently Managed Semi-Natural Grasslands of the Swiss Alps. Ph.D. thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich.
  34. Huxman, T. E., Wilcox, B. P., Breshears, D. D., Scott, R. L., Snyder, K. A., Small, E. E., Hultine, K., Pockman, W. T., and Jackson, R. B., 2005: Ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment. Ecology, 86: 308-319.
  35. Jewell, P. L., Güsewell, S., Berry, N. R., Käuferle, D., Kreuzer, M., and Edwards, P. J., 2005: Vegetation patterns maintained by cattle grazing on a degraded mountain pasture. Botanica Helvetica, 115: 109-124.
  36. Kampmann, D., Lüscher, A., Konold, W., and Herzog, F., 2012: Agri-environment scheme protects diversity of mountain grassland species. Land Use Policy, 29: 569-576.
  37. Koch, B., Edwards, P. J., Blanckenhorn, W. U., Buholzer, S., Walter, T., Wüest, R. O., and Hofer, G., 2013: Vascular plants as surrogates of butterfly and grasshopper diversity on two Swiss subalpine summer pastures. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22: 1451-1465.
  38. Kohler, F., Gillet, F., Reust, S., Wagner, H. H., Gadallah, F., Gobat, J., and Buttler, A., 2006: Spatial and seasonal patterns of cattle habitat use in a mountain wooded pasture. Landscape Ecology, 21(2): 281- 295.
  39. Lauber, K., and Wagner, G., 2001: Flora Helvetica. Bern: Haupt.
  40. Legendre, P., and Gallagher, E. D., 2001: Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecologia, 129: 271-280.
  41. Legendre, P., Borcard, D., Guillaume Blanchet, F., and Dray, S., 2012: PCNM: MEM spatial eigenfunction and principal coordinate analyses: R package version 2.1-2. Available at http://R-Forge.R- project.org/projects/sedar/.
  42. Livingston, R. B., 1972: Influence of birds, stones and soil on the establishment of Pasture Juniper, Juniperus communis, and Red Cedar, J. virginiana in New England pastures. Ecology, 53: 1141- 1147.
  43. MacDonald, D., Crabtree, J. R., Wiesinger, G., Dax, T., Stamou, N., Fleury, P., Gutierrez-Lazpita, J., and Gibon, A., 2000: Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: Environmental consequences and policy response. Journal for Environmental Management, 59: 47-69.
  44. Mack, G., and Flury, C., 2008: Wirkung der Sömmerungsbeiträge. Agrarforschung, 15(10): 500-505.
  45. Mallik, A. U., Bell, F. W., and Gong, Y., 1997: Regeneration behavior of competing plants after clear cutting: implications for vegetation management. Forest Ecology and Management, 95: 1-10.
  46. Marini, L., Fontana, P., Klimek, S., Battisti, A., and Gaston, K. J., 2009: Impact of farm size and topography on plant and insect diversity of managed grasslands in the Alps. Biological Conservation, 142: 394-403.
  47. Marini, L., Bommarco, R., Fontana, P., and Battisti, A., 2010: Disentangling effects of habitat diversity and area on orthopteran species with contrasting mobility. Biological Conservation, 143: 2164-2171.
  48. McKinley, D. C., Norris, M. D., Blair, J. M., and Johnson, L. C., 2008: Altered ecosystem processes as a consequence of Juniperus virginiana L. encroachment into North American tallgrass prairie. In Van Auken, O. W. (ed.), Western North American Juniperus Communities. New York and Berlin: Springer, Ecological Studies, 170-187.
  49. Michalet, R., Gandoy, C., Joud, D., Pagès, J., and Choler, P., 2002: Plant community composition and biomass on calcareous and siliceous substrates in the Northern French Alps: Comparative effects of soil chemistry and water status. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 34: 102-113.
  50. Moore, I., Grayson, R., and Ladson, A., 1991: Digital terrain modelling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Hydrological Processes, 5: 3-30.
  51. Moser, D., Gygax, A., Bäumler, B., Wyler, N., and Palese, R., 2002: Rote Liste der gefährdeten Farn-und Blütenpflanzen der Schweiz. Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern; Zentrum des Datenverbundnetzes der Schweiz Flora, Chambésy; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy. BUWAL-Reihe "Vollzug Umwelt," 118 pp.
  52. Niering, W. A., 2005: Vegetation dynamics (succession and climax) in relation to plant community management. Conservation Biology, 1: 287-295.
  53. Öckinger, E., Schweiger, O., Crist, T. O., Debinski, D. M., Krauss, J., Kuussaari, M., Petersen, J. D., Pöyry, J., Settele, J., Summerville, K. S., and Bommarco, R., 2010: Life-history traits predict species responses to habitat area and isolation: a cross-continental synthesis. Ecology Letters, 13: 969-979.
  54. Oksanen, J., Guillaume Blanchet, F., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M. H. H., and Wagner, H., 2012: vegan: Community Ecology Package: R package version 2.0-4. Available at http://CRAN.R-project.org/ package=vegan.
  55. Peres-Neto, P. R., Legendre, P., Dray, S., and Borcard, D., 2006: Variation partitioning of species data matrices: estimation and comparison of fractions. Ecology, 87: 2614-2625.
  56. Poldini, L., Oriolo, G., and Francescato, C., 2004: Mountain pine scrubs and heaths with Ericaceae in the south-eastern Alps. Plant Biosystems, 138: 53-85.
  57. Pornaro, C., Schneider, M. K., and Macolino, S., 2013: Plant species loss due to forest succession in alpine pastures depends on site conditions and observation scale. Biological Conservation, 161: 213-222.
  58. Putz, F. E., and Canham, C. D., 1992: Mechanisms of arrested succession in shrublands: root and shoot competition between shrubs and tree seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 49: 267-275.
  59. Pykälä, J., Luoto, M., Heikkinen, R. K., and Kontula, T., 2005: Plant species richness and persistence of rare plants in abandoned semi- natural grasslands in northern Europe. Basic and Applied Ecology, 6: 25-33.
  60. R Core Team, 2012: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at http://www.R-project.org.
  61. Reinhard, M., Bächlin, R., Graeter, P., Lehner, P., and Spicher, A., 1962: Geologischer Atlas der Schweiz. Ninth edition. Bern: Kümmerly and Frey.
  62. Rudmann-Maurer, K., Weyand, A., Fischer, M., and Stöcklin, J., 2008: The role of landuse and natural determinants for grassland vegetation composition in the Swiss Alps. Basic and Applied Ecology, 9: 494- 503.
  63. Samways, M. J., Hamer, M., and Veldtman, R., 2012: Development and future of insect conservation in South Africa. In New, T. R. (ed.), Insect Conservation: Past, Present and Prospects. Berlin: Springer, 245-278.
  64. Scherrer, D., and Körner, C., 2010: Infra-red thermometry of alpine landscapes challenges climatic warming projections. Global Change Biology, 16: 2602-2613.
  65. Schirmel, J., Mantilla-Contreras, J., Blindow, I., and Fartmann, T., 2011: Impacts of succession and grass encroachment on heathland Orthoptera. Journal of Insect Conservation, 15: 633-642.
  66. Schütz, M., Wildi, O., Krüsi, B. O., Märki, K., and Nievergelt, B., 2000: From tall-herb communities to pine forests: distribution patterns of 121 plant species during a 585-year regeneration process. In Schütz, M., Krüsi, B. O., and Edwards, P. J. (eds.), Succession research in the Swiss National Park, 237-255.
  67. Schweizerische Meteorologische Anstalt, 2008: Annalen der Schweizerischen Meteorologische Anstalt. Zürich: Bundesamt für Meteorologie und Klimatologie.
  68. Shreeve, T. G., 1995: Butterfly mobility. In Pullin, A. S. (ed.), Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies. London: Chapman and Hall, 37-45.
  69. Stefanescu, C., Peñuelas, J., and Filella, I., 2009: Rapid changes in butterfly communities following the abandonment of grasslands: a case study. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2: 261-269.
  70. Stöcklin, J., Bosshard, A., Klaus, G., Rudmann-Maurer, K., and Fischer, M., 2007: Landnutzung und biologische Vielfalt in den Alpen. Zürich: Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, 191 pp.
  71. Strijker, D., 2005: Marginal lands in Europe-cause of decline. Basic and Applied Ecology, 6: 99-106.
  72. Szövényi, G., 2002: Qualification of grassland habitats based on their Orthoptera assemblages in the Köszeg Mountains (W-Hungary). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 104: 159-163.
  73. Tague, C., 2005: Heterogeneity in hydrologic processes: a terrestrial hydrologic modeling perspective. In Lovett, G. M., Jones, C., Turner, M. G., and Weathers, K. C. (eds.), Ecosystem Functioning in Heterogeneous Landscapes. New York and Berlin: Springer, 119-136.
  74. Tasser, E., Walde, J., Tappeiner, U., Teutsch, A., and Noggler, W., 2007: Land-use changes and natural reforestation in the Eastern Central Alps. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 118: 115-129.
  75. Van Auken, O. W., 2009: Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands. Journal of Environmental Management, 90: 2931-2942.
  76. Väre, H., Lampinen, R., Humphries, C., and Williams, P., 2003: Taxonomic diversity of vascular plants in the European alpine areas. In Nagy, L., Grabherr, G., Körner, C., and Thompson, D. B. A. (eds.), Alpine Biodiversity in Europe. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 133-148.
  77. Wallis de Vries, M. F., Poschlod, P., and Willems, J. H., 2002: Challenges for the conservation of calcareous grasslands in northwestern Europe: integrating the requirements of flora and fauna. Biological Conservation, 104: 265-273.
  78. Welch, D., and Scott, D., 1995: Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. VI. 20-year trends in botanical composition. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32: 596-611.
  79. Werthemann, A., and Imboden, A., 1982: Die Alp-und Weidewirtschaft in der Schweiz: Zusammenfassung der Alpkatastererhebungen. Bern: Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft.
  80. Wettstein, S., 2001: Der Einfluss abiotischer Faktoren auf die Morphologie der Grünerle. Botanica Helvetica, 111: 31-44.
  81. Wiedmer, E., and Senn-Irlet, B., 2006: Biomass and primary productivity of an Alnus viridis stand-a case study from the Schächental valley, Switzerland. Botanica Helvetica, 116: 55-64.
  82. Woodcock, C. E., Macomber, S., and Kumar, L., 2002: Vegetation mapping and monitoring. In Skidmore, A. (ed.), Environmental Modelling with GIS and Remote Sensing. London: Taylor and Francis, 97-120.
  83. Wundram, D., Pape, R., and Löffler, J., 2010: Alpine soil temperature variability at multiple scales. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 42: 117-128.
  84. Zoller, H., Bischof, N., Erhardt, A., and Kienzle, U., 1984: Biocoenosen von Grenzertragsflächen und Brachland in den Berggebieten der Schweiz: Hinweise zur Sukzession, zum Naturschutzwert und zur Pflege. Phytocoenologia, 12: 373-394. MS accepted December 2014