Nursing Development in Indonesia: Colonialism, After Independence and Nursing act (original) (raw)

Nursing and health care in Indonesia

Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2003

Nursing and health care in Indonesia Aim. Indonesia, with its population of over 220 million, has health problems similar to those of other developing countries. In an attempt to provide nurses throughout the world with knowledge about Indonesia, we describe the country, its health system, and problems encountered by nurses and other health professionals. Method. We explain the way the health system works within Indonesian culture, discuss the effects of the international nursing shortage and outline the role of aid agencies. The ethical dilemmas faced by health professionals who care for patients within a poorly resourced system are examined. While the information pertains to the whole country, we focus on the main island of Java, as that is where we have worked and resided. Findings. Nursing education is primarily conducted at senior high school, while medical education is similar to the university education offered in many countries, and allied health professionals are educated to varying standards. Indonesian health officials recognize that the low standard of nursing education contributes to poor health statistics, and they are working hard to improve this. There has been strong support from the government for the implementation of university education for nurses, and for courses within academies that bridge the gap between current standards and the levels of education required for the delivery of optimum health care. Discussion. We both are nurses. One of us is an Indonesian and the other has worked for many years in Indonesia and coordinated a programme that organized exchanges of health professionals working in large tertiary referral hospitals and health departments in Indonesia and Australia. The information presented here is the result of many collaborative projects and gives information not available in published works.

THE SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF NURSING EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE IN INDONESIA

Background: The Indonesian nursing workforce plays an important role in the nation's health development. However, the Ministry of Health of Indonesia acknowledges that there is a shortage in the nursing cadre. This situation is at odds with the current large-scale production of nurses occurring in Indonesia.

Role of Nurse in Public Health According to Indonesian Law

The Law No.38 Year 2014 regarding Nurse (the Nursing Law) provides the possibility for nurses to have their own private practice. Based on Article 30 the Nursing Law, nurses may also provide nursing care in public health. The aim of this research is to define and elaborate the role of nurses in public health conducted in their own private practice according to the nursing law and other related laws applicable in Indonesia. Data used in this research were secondary data, obtained through internet search using google machine. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis to reduce only to relevant data. The relevant data were then analyzed using qualitative method with normative and comparative approach. Result shows that based on understand Law No.36 Year 2009 regarding Health (the Health Law) and Law No.36 Year 2014 regarding Healthcare Givers (the Healthcare Givers Law), each health profession has its own competencies. Therefore, nurses in providing nursing care in public health, nurses are required to obtain public health competencies, besides all the requirements that must be complied in accordance with the Nursing Law. In practice, nurses can play many roles in public health care, in conditions that she/ he shall not conducts activities in public health which do not belong to their competencies. According to Indonesian laws, the role of nurses in public health are somehow limited because of the competencies' issues.

Perceived images and expected roles of Indonesian nurses

Nursing Open, 2018

Indonesia is a transcontinental country located in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. The ethnic groups include Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian and Pakistani. About 85% of the population are Muslim (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=indonesia; accessed 6 April 2018). Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, with more than 257 million people in 2015 (http:// www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia; accessed 6 April 2018) and it has a high demand for healthcare services, primarily supported by nurses. Indonesian nurses have been perceived as physicians' helpers with a lower status than physicians. This public perception of nursing could discourage young people from considering nursing as a career (Shields & Hartati, 2003). As a result, the purpose of this survey study was to explore the differences between individuals with a nursing background and those without this background in the perceived images and expected roles of Indonesian nurses. The main research question is: "What are the differences between nurses and non-nurses in the perceived images and expected roles of Indonesian nurses?" This study is important in the recruitment of nurses into the profession. 2 | THE PROB LEM Birks, Chapman, and Francis (2009) claimed that from a global perspective, nursing could still be regarded as an oppressed profession. Nurses in Taiwan, a Chinese and Confucianism-based society,

A Comparative Study of Nursing Educational System in Indonesia and Japan

According to Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Indonesia and Japanese governments, Japanese government plans to recruit Indonesian nurses and caregivers to fulfill the demand of those positions at the hospital and health centers. However, to be a qualified worker in Japan, one has to pass a national examination that is conducted by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare for a license of a registered nurse within 3 or 4 years of working as a nurse or caregivers, respectively. Having considered that matter, a comparative study of the background of educational systems in Indonesia and Japan is discussed in this paper, with particular reference to the Diploma 3 nursing program. There is no specific difference between Indonesian and Japanese nursing educational systems. However, current health condition of the countries remains as the focus of the curriculums where Indonesian nursing education is focusing on communicable disease and surgery nursing, whereas Japanese is focusing on gerontology and chronic disease nursing. In case of qualification method, Japanese nurses should undertake national board examination to be a qualified nurse. On the other hand, there is no national board examination for Indonesian nurses.

Public health nursing in Indonesia: difference in roles and functions in rural and urban centers

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016

Public health nurses in Indonesia handle important roles and functions to achieve goals of health development in Indonesia including to increase awareness, willingness and ability of healthy life for every person to manifest their optimal health. 1 Just like public health nursing tasks should be adopted to environmental and societal changes around the world, 2,3 roles and functions of public health nurses in Indonesia will be varied. Especially in Indonesia, the community condition and public health issues are quite different between rural and urban communities. It may also cause the difference in roles and functions of public health nursing practice, and ABSTRACT Background: Public health nurses in Indonesia hold important roles and functions in the effort of achieving goals of health development in Indonesia. In general, there are twof actors related to roles and functions, personal and contextual factors include setting. Therefore, to identify factors related to difference in roles and function of public health nurses in different location is an important step to build up the specific scope of practice. The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to difference in roles and functions of public health nurses working in rural and urban public health centers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses who work in public health center in Surabaya and Banyuwangi. A research instrument adapted from Chamber (1994) and Gibson's (2000) has been calibrated with acceptable reliability and validity, and later being used for data collection. A total of 198 PHNs including 50 from rural area and 148 from urban areas were recruited. SPSS 17 was used for data analysis. Results: The results indicate that there was a gap in the importance of roles as perceived and frequency of function as practiced. There was no different in the importance of roles among PHNs in different setting, but when measured about functions there was signicant difference (t =-2.98, p =0.003). PHNs in urban area have practiced more complex activities than PHNs in rural area. Using the regression approach, sum of job descriptions was the only predicting factor to importance of roles perceived by Indonesian public health nurses. Sum of job descriptions, employment status, total of training and setting were found to be predictors of the functions and settings is the most influential factor related to how PHNs apply their functions. Conclusions: In each setting, PHNs have different priorities in their activity. Through these findings can be referenced for future scope of public health nursing practice in different settings in term of roles and function of public health nursing in Indonesia.

and Staff Nurses in Public Hospitals, Banda Aceh, Indonesia: A comparison Study

2016

Purpose: Identify the levels of importance of ethical values in the nursing profession as perceived by the head nurses and the staff nurses, and compare the levels of importance of ethical values in the nursing profession as perceived by head nurses and those as perceived by staff nurses in public hospitals, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Methods: Data collected from79 head nurses and 280 staff nurses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The total mean score of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by head nurses and staff nurses are at a high level. The top 3 mean scores of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by head nurses included caring, autonomy, and confidentiality. Meanwhile, the top 3 mean scores of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by staff nurses included caring, confidentiality, and non maleficence. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that head ...

Indonesian Nursing Workforce on the Era of ASEAN Economic Community

Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019), 2020

The goal of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Economic Cooperation is directed at the economic integration of the member states in to a single highly competitive and equitable production base market in the global economy. Therefore, free trade agreement related to the services sector, including nursing will eliminate the barriers for service suppliers across the member states while maintaining adhering autonomy of their national rules and regulations. This study will illustrate the nursing situation in Indonesia in terms of the anticipation regarding quality and quantity levels and global opportunities. We describe the distribution of the current local nursing workforce, current regulations and other factors which may influence their competitiveness. The qualitative methods were used to analyse jurisdictional policy review in legislation and relevant literature, then an in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion with stakeholders and professional organization was carried out. Finally, triangulation of sources and methods of the collected information was performed supplemented the quantitative description needed of the nursing workforce. In anticipated quality and quantity, the Indonesian nurses were able to meet the demands necessary for the domestic nursing standards and service distribution. We anticipate that the strengthening of existing regulations related to foreign nursing workers and improvement of nursing quality, were not an issue. The surplus of the nurses in Indonesia provide both the government and Indonesian nurses with an economic opportunity to cover the skill shortages in the other ASEAN members. Indonesian nurses are skilled which makes them competitive at the regional and global level. The government should further improve by strengthening relevant legislation; harmonizing the curriculum and nursing education to a world class standard. Ministry of Health Rep of Indonesia and National Nurses Professional Organization should be designing a road map to internationalized strategy to promote the nursing workforce. Existing regulations need to be strengthened in relation to the acceptance of foreign nurse admissions. In order to remain competitive, the training and curriculum needs to be improved to ensure the nursing competence is aligned with international or regional standards.