Etica della ricerca medica ed identità culturale europea (original) (raw)
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Orbis Idearum. European Journal of the History of Ideas, 2021
In this study we reconstruct some of the most sensational cases of abuse in the field of clinical trials on humans that occurred in the twentieth century, as well as the debates that preceded and followed them. Furthermore, we emphasize the role that these cases had in stimulating the birth and institutionalization of bioethics as a discipline, in the seventies of the twentieth century. The specificity of bioethics with respect to traditional medical ethics-that is, the code of ethics that doctors have autonomously given themselves-is that it includes a look from the outside by professionals trained in other disciplinary fields, such as philosophy, law, theology or sociology. Evidently, in the twentieth century, a growing number of scholars became convinced of the insufficiency of self-regulation on the part of medical professionals and considered it appropriate to evaluate the work of doctors, nurses, scientific researchers and pharmaceutical companies from an ethical point of view.
Etica teologica, pratica medica e sanità: per una maggiore e migliore giustizia
Studia Moralia, 2011
Abstract L’autore riflette sulla sanità individuando come promuovere la giustizia. Due approcci sono suggeriti: (1) un approccio virtuoso, sia nella pratica medica che nelle istituzioni sanitarie; (2) una discussione rinnovata sul razionamento in sanità. Per articolare la sua proposta, egli dialoga con operatori sanitari, filosofi e studiosi di etica teologica. L’etica sociale e bioetica cattolica contribuiscono a tali conversazioni con il loro impegno a promuovere il bene comune, la sussidiarietà, la solidarietà e l’opzione preferenziale per i poveri.
Etica medica e vivisezione umana. Casi e dibattiti dall’Antichità alla rivoluzione industriale
Orbis Idearum. European Journal of the History of Ideas, 2021
In this essay, we propose the reconstruction of some sensational cases of human vivisection and the ethical debates they have triggered. The research covers the long period of time that goes from Antiquity to the Industrial Revolution. Given the breadth of the time frame, it is clear that it is not our aim to go into the specific details of each case, but to generate an overview and highlight historical trends. It should also be noted that the historical reality of some cases is controversial, just as the ethical evaluations of the same are dissonant. However, the debates on human vivisection and medical ethics are real in their consequences, regardless of whether all the narrated experiments actually took place. The conclusion of this research is that, paradoxically, the closer we get to our days, the more the alleged violations of medical ethics increase. This may of course depend on a lack of documentation regarding the past, but the hypothesis that the greater intertwining of economic interests and scientific research that characterizes industrial societies has played a role in the ethical desensitization of a substantial number of researchers cannot be ruled out.