Macrocellular propagation prediction for wireless communications in urban environments (original) (raw)
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Comparison of Propagation Models for Small Urban Cells in GSM Network
It was summed up purpose of this work is to compare the models of spread for the small urban cells in GSM, with objective to test their behaviour. Engineering radio constitutes one of the most important aspects during the deployment of a cell network as much as it is responsible for the quality level of service given to the subscribers. In environment to indoor, the sign is subjected to different weakening that can attain 30 dB. In effect, the spread in this middle depends on several characteristics to know the architectural data of buildings, in other words types of used building materials, the size of the windows, etc. We are interested in this paper to introduce different models of prediction of urban spread in environment. After different comparisons, we concluded that the model of COST-CNET is the most appropriate to make a prediction of weakening for a local zone with strong concentration.
Performance Evaluation of Radio Propagation Models on GSM Network in Urban Area of Lagos, Nigeria
—The analysis of radio propagation in urban terrains became highly imperative owing to the fact that the environment is composed of different physical obstructions such as high-rise buildings, towers and bill boards situated on a grid-like pattern of streets. Radio propagation characteristics, to a large extent, vary from one type of environment to the other. In this paper, the suitability of three of the available empirical propagation models-Okumu-ra – Hata model; COST 231 – Hata model and Standard Propagation Model-for radio coverage predictions in the dense suburban and dense urban clutter classes of Lagos metropolis was investigated. A drive test was conducted to obtain the actual field data on the GSM 1800 network deployed in the area under study. All prediction calculations were carried out in the ATOLL network planning tool. From the field measured data, mean path loss values of 137.53 dB and 142.49 dB were recorded in the dense suburban and dense urban areas respectively. COST 231 – Hata model prediction results had the greatest proximity to what was obtained on the live network with a root mean square error value of 12.28 dB and a standard deviation of 6.42 dB for the dense suburban clutter. In the dense urban area, the model also yielded the minimum root mean square error and standard deviation values of 11.82 dB and 7.88 dB respectively. Therefore, COST 231 – Hata model was found most suitable for GSM 1800 network planning and deployment in the urban environment of Lagos, Nigeria.
2013
Radio propagation measurements and prediction, realized by the mobile terminal or the base station, is needed to guarantee quality of service and to supervise the planned coverage area. A wide variety of approaches have been developed over the years to predict signal pathloss using what are known as propagation models. In this paper, we compare the measured pathloss obtained for the urban areas with seven existing propagation models, that is, SUI, Lee, Hata, ECC and COST-231 W/I and W/B. Firstly, for both areas, the results show that the path loss is not constant at various locations for a constant distance around the respective base station (BS). This shows that the terrains of studied cities are irregular. Secondly, observations show that the W/B gives better agreement for all the studied three cities; hence, it can be used to model signal coverage area of cellular networks in any region of South-South Nigeria.
Propagation Model for Small Urban Macro Cells
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2009
This paper presents the MOPEM 1 propagation model for dense urban areas in the frequency band from 850 to 900 MHz. This work is based on the COST 231-WI model, but the hypothesis of infinite screen blocks is replaced by finite screens, taking into account the street crossings, predicting the signal attenuation along the block. The dependence of the propagation loss with the terrain height is reviewed and optimized by considering an absolute reference, whereas the dependence on the angle between the street and the wave propagation is modified to obtain a continuously differentiable loss function. The standard deviation obtained with this model is 5.1 dB, and the mean error is 0 dB versus 6.6 and 6.2 dB, respectively, for the COST 231-WI model, with validation measurements from two areas in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Analysis of Large Scale Propagation Models for Mobile Communications in Urban Area
Computing Research Repository, 2010
Channel properties influence the development of wireless communication systems. Unlike wired channels that are stationary and predictable, radio channels are extremely random and dont offer easy analysis. A Radio Propagation Model (RPM), also known as the Radio Wave Propagation Model (RWPM), is an empirical mathematical formulation for the characterization of radio wave propagation as a function of frequency. In mobile radio systems, path loss models are necessary for proper planning, interference estimations, frequency assignments and cell parameters which are the basic for network planning process as well as Location Based Services (LBS) techniques. Propagation models that predict the mean signal strength for an arbitrary transmitter receiver (T R) separation distance which is useful in estimating the radio coverage area of a transmitter are called large scale propagation models, since they characterize signal strength over large TR separation distances. In this paper, the large scale propagation performance of Okumura, Hata, and Lee models has been compared varying Mobile Station (MS) antenna height, Transmitter Receiver (TR) distance and Base Station (BS) antenna height, considering the system to operate at 900 MHz. Through the MATLAB simulation it is turned out that the Okumura model shows the better performance than that of the other large scale propagation models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/simulation-and-performance-evaluation-of-different-propagation-model-under-urban-suburban-and-rural-environments-for-mobile-communication https://www.ijert.org/research/simulation-and-performance-evaluation-of-different-propagation-model-under-urban-suburban-and-rural-environments-for-mobile-communication-IJERTV1IS6406.pdf Nowadays the Global System for Mobile Communication (originally from Groupe Special Mobile)-GSM technology becomes popular. GSM has potential success in its line-of-sight (LOS) and non line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions which operating in the 900 MHz or 1800/1900 MHz bands. There are going to be a surge all over the world for the deployment of GSM networks. Estimation of path loss is very important in initial deployment of wireless network and cell planning. Numerous path loss (PL) models (e.g. Okumura Model, Hata Model) are available to predict the propagation loss. If Path loss increases, then signal power decrease and also bit error rate increase. This paper compares and analyzes three path loss models namely COST 231 Hata model, Ericsson model and COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami model. AWGN channel is used for all simulations. These models are simulated with different frequencies, distance between transmitter and receiver, transmitter antenna and receiver antenna heights in urban, suburban and rural environments in Non Line of site (NLOS) condition. Our main concentration in this paper is to find out a suitable model for different environments to provide guidelines for cell planning of GSM Network.
2012
Nowadays the Global System for Mobile Communication (originally from Groupe Special Mobile)-GSM technology becomes popular. GSM has potential success in its line-of-sight (LOS) and non line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions which operating in the 900 MHz or 1800/1900 MHz bands. There are going to be a surge all over the world for the deployment of GSM networks. Estimation of path loss is very important in initial deployment of wireless network and cell planning. Numerous path loss (PL) models (e.g. Okumura Model, Hata Model) are available to predict the propagation loss. If Path loss increases, then signal power decrease and also bit error rate increase. This paper compares and analyzes three path loss models namely COST 231 Hata model, Ericsson model and COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami model. AWGN channel is used for all simulations. These models are simulated with different frequencies, distance between transmitter and receiver, transmitter antenna and receiver antenna heights in urban, suburban and rural environments in Non Line of site (NLOS) condition. Our main concentration in this paper is to find out a suitable model for different environments to provide guidelines for cell planning of GSM Network.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
The fundamental sculpt of radio waves propagation is the radiation of radio waves from a point-source electromagnetic energy to different directions. In practice, this radiated energy varies and diminishes in strength as it propagates from the point-source to the receiver. The level of attenuation of this radio wave can be determined by many factors. Researchers on urban wireless microcells networks, had very often, focused on measurements and modeling of reflected and diffracted rays from corners of structures and their exterior walls. In some cases the structures in questions were treated as opaque to signal propagating under terrestrial mobile frequency range. The attenuation capacity of these structures forms the basis of this study. Quasi-two-dimensional ray-based model was employed during the study. The transmitting and receiving antennae heights were erected at elevation levels not above the top of an average roof, while the base station antenna was assumed to be at the same height as the mobile station to enable the transmitted rays to propagate in a horizontal plane. This was anchored on the theory that transmitted e-m waves have uniform distribution as it propagated through different layers of the building. The attenuation coefficients of other obstructions in the periphery of the environment were not considered. Furthermore, only the exterior building coordinates were assumed to be known. X (τ) = , which has a pulse-like shape, to estimate the complex impulse response (CIR) of the channel under examination. According to the transmission mode of the building penetration model, the building transmission loss was given as: L t = b d m-20log|T (r 1)|-20log|T (r 2)| dB The attenuation factors, b for this study was higher than the specific attenuation factors evaluated for 2GHz, signal penetration for buildings. The values ranged between 0.3dB/m and 0.6dB/m, while propagation loss ranged from 20 dB to 40 dB. Previous research works have posted values more than 40dB. The variance observed here can be attributed to how dense the urban location is, and the focus on high rain forest zone in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study shall be very useful during the planning stages of microcellular networks, routing configuration-guide and network performance management. The limitation of the study is the inability to determine the attenuation coefficient per building.
One of the underlying difficulties with the application of a predicting path loss models for any environment is that no two areas are identical in the composition of the building and terrain. Many research activities, such as simulation and system design, need a model of the channel under study. This research attempts to investigate the most effective propagation model in South-South part of Nigeria. Two Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) base stations operating at 900MHz and 1800MHz bands were used for the experiment in a typical urban area. The field measurement results were compared with S U I model, Ericsson model, Friis model and Walficsh-Bertoni model for urban area. The results obtained indicate the least variation with Walficsh-Bertoni model for urban area.
Comparison of Propagation Models for GSM 1800 and WCDMA Systems in Selected Urban Areas of Nigeria
2012
A comparative analysis of radio propagation models for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) and global system for mobile communications (GSM) is carried out in this work using a drive test data collected from Kano City coordinates (11°30′N 8°30′E11.5°N 8.5°E) and Abuja City coordinates (9°4′0′′N 7°29′0′′E) in Nigeria, which are all urban areas. The COST 231 has been used in a previous work by this research group and concluded that COST 231 is more suitable for use in the GSM 1800 band for Kano environment. This further research includes the newer and more advanced technology as the deployment is increasing on daily basis worldwide. In all of the measurements taken, path loss was found to vary directly with frequency. It is found that COST 231 and Hata give fairer results for Kano and Abuja environment from our study. It was further noticed that, the suitability in terms of predicting signal level swings between Hata and COST 231 for varying sites and frequency. For both ci...