Trace Glucose Electrode for Clinical, Food and Environmental Determinations (original) (raw)
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Measurement of glucose concentrations in human plasma using a glucose biosensor
Analytical Biochemistry, 2005
Glucose is a major component of animal and plant carbohydrates. Quantitative determination of glucose in human blood is of paramount importance for the diagnosis and eVective treatment of diabetes. Therefore, considerable eVort has been focused on developing eVective diagnostic tools for the beneWt of diabetic patients. In recent years, research in the development of chemosensors and biosensors has been very fast growing and many glucose biosensors have been presented . However, many of the experimental setups are complicated and require a bulky and expensive electrochemical system for cyclic voltammetric studies, electropolymerization, and electrodeposition or spectroXuorimeter for optical sensing. Thus, it is obvious that there is still a niche for improving glucose biosensors with simpler design and relatively low cost.
Enzyme electrode for glucose determination in whole blood
Talanta, 1997
The development of a glucose sensor suitable for use with whole blood is described. It is based on anodic oxidation at +700 mV of hydrogen peroxide with a platinum electrode covered with a gas permeable membrane. Glucose reacts with glucose oxidase immobilised on the external side of the membrane, and forms hydrogen peroxide which is able to cross the gas permeable membrane due to its high vapour tension, while other electroactive substances that are important interferents are completely blocked. This principle was discovered several years ago but no practical application was presented up to now. Therefore in this work a number of different commercial membranes were tested, in order to obtain a resistant, rapidly responding and interference free sensor to be used in conjunction with a blood gas measurement apparatus. Coimmobilisation of glucose oxidase and catalase was found to be useful for fast response and recovery of the electrode. Using some of the tested membranes, the lineari...
Food Chemistry, 2011
An amperometric biosensor based on a ruthenium(III), nickel(II) and iron(II) hexacyanometallate (HCM)modified graphite electrode and immobilized glucose oxidase has been used for the determination of glucose in water-miscible organic solvent/aqueous buffer mixtures. Although the specific activity of biochemically active molecule such as enzyme is reduced in organic environment, it was established that the presence of water soluble organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile (u = 10%) enhance the biosensor response. Hydrogen peroxide, produced by enzyme-catalysed reduction of glucose, was measured in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.86) at À50 mV against a reference Hg|Hg 2 Cl 2 |3 M KCl electrode to determine the concentration of glucose. The influence of the addition of different volume fractions (u = 10-60%) of methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile and isopropanol on biosensor response was investigated. The obtained amperometric signals were fast, reproducible and linearly proportional to glucose concentrations in the range of 0.1-0.8 mM, with a squared correlation coefficient of 0.9994 for buffer solution. With the addition of ethanol (u = 10% and 40%) the plateau on I/c curve was obtained for concentrations of glucose higher than 0.8 and 1.1 mM, respectively. The biosensor proved to be stable for several months. The recoveries of added glucose (0.200 and 0.300 mM) from aqueous solution and from solution with ethanol u = 10% ranged from 96.0% to 108.0%. The biosensor was used for the determination of glucose in some food samples of dairy industry, and the results were consistent with those obtained with the commercially available glucose enzyme photometric kit.
Electrochemical Detection of Glucose by Using Glucose Oxidase Modified Platinum Electrode
Chemistry and Materials Research, 2019
In this research, the cysteamine self-assembled monolayers (SAM), is required to modify surface of pt electrode. Now, by using the method of chemical binding and electrochemical deposition the surface of platinum electrode was modified by glucose oxidase enzyme. Platinum plate (0.5cm×0.5cm), platinum rod and silver or silver chloride electrodes act as working, auxiliary and reference electrodes, individually. The manufactured of pt. /GOD electrode described by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The glucose oxidase modified platinum electrode was used for detection of glucose by Amperometric measurement. The amperometric response of the sensor was observed under some factors i.e. pH, Concentration, Temperature and applied potential. Detection of glucose can be taken by oxidation of enzymatically formed H2O2 at 0.8 V. A high current response was occur at pH 7.5 and potential +0.8 V. Enzyme is stronger at high temperature because of micro environment but at 28 °C biosensor show good response and this is working temperature. The stability of the enzyme electrode was also deliberated. Moreover, the performance of the glucose oxidase enzyme was reserved about 59.9% after a time of 15 days. These factors show pt/GOD electrode is good or successful biosensor for detection of glucose.
Thin-film biosensor for the measurement of glucose concentration in human serum and urine
Analytica Chimica Acta, 1995
Solid-state technology and pulse electroplating were used to fabricate a glucose biosensor based on hydrogen peroxide detection. This glucose biosensor was composed of thin-film electrodes, and enzyme-immobilized and deactivated enzyme-immobilized membranes. The electrodes were fabricated by metallic film deposition. Cr and Ni adhesive layers were applied successively by vapour deposition on the thermally oxidized SiO, isolating layer on a silicon substrate, and then the two metallic layers were patterned by the photolithographic method. Subsequently, a 1 pm thick Au layer was applied by means of pulse electroplating, forming two anodes and one common cathode in each sensor chip. On one anode, glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized by cross-linking with bovin serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. A deactivated GOD-immobilized membrane was formed on the other anode, which worked as a reference working electrode. A novel differential measurement system was used to treat the output signals of the two anodes by adjusting the initial position of the response curves, compensating amplifications of the individual I-V converters and treating the output signals with a subtraction circuit in order to decrease measurement error. The test results showed that the signal of ascorbic acid up to 4.5 mm01 1-l or uric acid up to 1.2 mmol I-' was successfully cancelled. Glucose concentrations in the range 0.02-4.0 mmol/l could be detected and an excellent linear response was obtained in the low concentration range. The correlation coefficient between the result of the enzyme electrode and the clinically enzymatic method for glucose measurement in human serum was 0.9912. Correlated results between the biosensor method and the routine clinical method for the measurement of glucose concentration in urine were obtained. The lifetime of the enzyme electrode was over 2 months.
Glucose oxidase-based biosensor for glucose detection from biological fluids
Sensor Review, 2020
PurposeThe present study aims to summarize different non-invasive techniques for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic patients using glucose-oxidase biosensors. In diabetic patients, the self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) levels through minimally invasive techniques provides a quick method of measuring their BG concentration, unlike conventional laboratory measurements. The drawbacks of minimally invasive techniques include physical pain, anxiety and reduced patient compliance. To overcome these limitations, researchers shifted their attention towards the development of a pain-free and non-invasive glucose monitoring system, which showed encouraging results.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews the development of minimally and non-invasive method for continuous glucose level monitoring in diabetic or hyperglycemic patients. Specifically, glucose monitoring using non-invasive techniques, such as spectroscopy-based methods, polarimetry, fluorescence, electromagne...
Electroanalysis of Glucose in Transcutaneously Extracted Samples
Electroanalysis, 2000
Glucose can be extracted through intact skin by electroosmosis upon application of a low-level electrical current. The amount of glucose extracted has been shown previously to correlate with blood glucose level. An amperometric, GOx-based biosensor was used to measure the amount of glucose in samples extracted from a nondiabetic volunteer every twenty minutes for ®ve hours. The blank-subtracted current output from this sensor accurately tracked blood glucose changes and correlated with the capillary blood glucose values (average r > 0.93) and a time lag of twenty minutes. This proof-of-feasibility is a prerequisite to the development of an integrated, wearable glucose monitor for diabetics combining both biosensor and iontophoresis functions.
Biosensor Fabrication for the Blood Glucose LevelDetermination
Electronic Journal of Biology, 2016
The in vitro measurement of glucose is of great importance in clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Purification and Immobilization carried out for the localization of biosynthesized enzyme with retention of its activity, stabilization, improvement of enzyme performance and continuous use of enzyme in several reactions. Glucose oxidase was produced from corn steep liquor as substrate and Aspergillus niger as organism, afterwards purification was conceded by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatographic techniques. The specific activity of crude and desalted enzyme was found 3.45 U.mg-1 and 16.52 U.mg-1 respectively. For further purification, sample subjected to ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography to achieve 37.04 U.mg-1 and 58.45 U mg-1 specific activities. Purified glucose oxidase had been used to immobilize on a solid support for the determination of glucose levels and compared with the commercially ava...