Industrial Clustering Approach in Regional Development: The Case of Turkey (original) (raw)
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Industrial Clusters as a Regional Development Tool: A Spatial Analysis on Turkey
The aim of this study is to explore the clustering behaviour of Turkish regions from the point of manufacturing industry. For this purpose, firstly, industrial clusters will be examined as a regional policy tool in regional development. After all, Japan, Israel, Scotland and Italy's cluster initiatives will be shortly explained to highlight the importance of clusters in regional economy. Lastly, cluster initiatives in Turkey will be examined from the regional aspect and an econometric estimation will be made to detect the clustering behivour of Turkish regions. A spatial econometric analysis will be applied for a panel data including 26 NUTS2 regions of Turkey for the period of 1991 – 2000. According to emprical analysis results applied to a standart Cobb – Douglas Production Function, manufacturing industry of Turkey's NUTS2 regions show clustering behaviour. According to these estimation results policy implications for Turkey will be made.
An overview on industry clusters and the impact of related variety on regional performance in turkey
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2012
The paper has two objectives. The first objective is to summarize the evolution and current status of cluster policies in Turkey. The second objective is to contribute to the understanding of the role of clusters on regional economic performance through investigating the impact of related variety on regional economic growth in Turkey. The clustering projects in Turkey started in the beginning of 2000 where the national clustering projects are jointly funded by the EU and the Republic of Turkey. The empirical results confirm that related variety across industries is a significant driver of economic growth in Turkey indicating that in designing official clustering policies, it is necessary to take sectoral variety into consideration.
An Industrial Cluster Study: As A Basis For The Aegean Region's Development Policy
The Aegean Region, which is the focus of this study, is the second most developed region of Turkey. Its share in the GDP has remained relatively stable around 17 percent during 1990-2000 periods according to data provided by State Planning Organization of Turkey. The region enjoys a number of advantages like; high quality human resources, rich experience in manufacturing industry going back to the 19th century, small and medium sized industries comprising the majority of enterprises, a promising potential for inter-firm network development particularly in industries like food, wearing apparels, leather, metal wares and automotive,relatively more foreign direct investment in various branches, an international port, universities,geographic location. However, despite these advantages, the region also has some disadvantages which can be summarized as follows: the lack of implementation of an effective regional development policy,limited number of regional institutions, inadequate institutional coordination between these institutions,poor vocational training, high level of brain drain, foreign trade of the traditional commodities of the region,inefficient R&D, low technology level, etc. In order to overcome these disadvantages, regional resources need to be reallocated according to the requirements of a global competitive environment in the framework of new regional policy. The study aims to identify manufacturing-based clusters across the Aegean Region and these clusters’ provincial locations, so that a base can be formed for potential regional policies. Department of Trade and Industry’s analysis of UK clusters is taken as the basis of methodology to be applied in this paper.
Industrial clustering and economic performance. In search for evidence from Poland
Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum
The aim of the paper is to examine the effects of clustering industrial activity in some selected regions of Poland. Industrial clusters are recognised to be core entities of economic growth and innovation in the global economy (Njøs and Jakobsen, 2016). As theoretical considerations suggest, industrial clusters understood as a concentration of specific kinds of industry in particular locations generate some positive externalities. The companies belonging to those industries may benefit from the fact that they are spatially concentrated. To determine the existence of such externalities, the data on industrial value added per working person, GDP per capita and GDP growth was used as indicators of the condition of the economy in particular area (NUTS 3 level). Then it was confronted with the results of own research on industrial clusters to determine whether the latter may be a source of competitive advantage of the area. The existing studies dealing with industrial clusters mainly use the case study method or quantitative approach based on one particular cluster. In this paper, a more general approach is used and it tries to identify the influence of clusters on economies on a broader level. The results show that on one hand, no connection between the cluster creating and value added was revealed, on the other hand, the connection with both GDP per capita and GDP growth was shown.
National industry clusters: The case of Turkey
Regional Studies Association …, 2001
Industry clusters in a region represent a material basis for an innovation-based economy. The paper aims to explore the Turkish industry clusters by examining the interindustry selling and purchasing relationships. The 1990 Turkish input-output table is used to identify the similarities between selling and purchasing patterns of 60 manufacturing industries and derive a matrix that describes the relative linkage between them. Principle component factor analysis reveals the presence of 12 distinct industry clusters. The largest cluster is the petroleum cluster, followed by vehicle and food and agricultural clusters. The firms within the identified clusters provide a potential to share technical information and knowledge transfer through formal or informal interactions.
Engineering for Rural Development, 2017
In our paper we made an overview on the literature about the creation and role of clusters and concentration of economic activities in the development of regions in Europe. Based on data available, we tried to find the correlation between the welfare, the quality of life and the clusters (especially in the knowledgeintensive sectors). In our research we assumed that the concentration of a sector in a region can have influence on the quality of life and that higher knowledge-intensive sectors of manufacturing and services have greater contribution to welfare. During research two main questions may arise: After how many years can we see beneficial effects on quality of life if a region starts to specialize. And: Can quality of life react flexibly to the changes in economy? After our research we got to the conclusion that there is a time shift in this phenomenon, the correlation is not linear and the changes are not elastic. We assumed that knowledge-driven economy has greater effect on quality of life than traditional economy but this cannot be proven generally. Moreover, regional specialties in labor market and industrial traditions seem to have great impact. We collected the data from the Eurostat database. The sample data give the opportunity to calculate the labor based location quotient (LQ), Herfindahl index and Dissimilarity index as well. All the three indices can show us the same effects that we are interested, but we have chosen LQ for our research. Eurostat has a so called high-tech industry and knowledgeintensive service database, which was used and filtered to the employment data in order to calculate the labor based LQ. The database lasts from 1994 to 2008 and shows the employment in the different knowledge intensive sectors on regional levels in 33 countries. The aim of our research was to find out how much the clusters/economic concentrations affect the development of regions and to try to define possible development ways for the future.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemyslu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 2013
Industrial activities have a notable percentage in whole national economies. Thus, it is necessary to follow the development of the industrial activities to be able to review economic development. Identification of similarities or differences among countries provides the ability to notice more clearly the level of regional development and its problems. However, it makes complex subject with a large number of data and with different national data methodology for each country and year. Statistical analysis is a proven tool to make it easier. The goal was to follow the developments since it has the ability to summarize complex data. In this study, we found out similar characteristics among EU Countries (except Croatia which joined EU in 2013) and Turkey by using export and import rates, industrial production index, recent prices, percent of GDP of industry parameters in industrial sector variables. Squared Euclid distance, Pearson proximity matrix and Ward's method were used to calculate distances between different countries variables and to find out country groups which have similar development characteristics. The analyses were supported with dendogram and maps.
Exploring Regional Specialization in Turkey's Manufacturing Industry
Regional Studies Association International Conference, 2003
The focus of the study is based on the assumption that at the heart of each cluster, there exists one or more driver industries in which the region has greatest competitive advantage. The paper aims to explore the regional distribution of National cluster templates and identify regional highpoint clusters, and for each region's highpoint clusters, identify their driver industries. Based on the National cluster templates identified in previous studies using 1996 the Turkish input-output data, the study reveals highpoint industry clusters in Turkey's seven geographical regions whose relative concentration is greater than the National average. The paper further elaborates on highpoint clusters by identifying 4-digit driver industries in each of the highpoint clusters that account for at least 0.2% of the regional work force and which are at least 25% more concentrated than national average. The findings demonstrate that each geographical region in Turkey is specialized in at least one cluster, and in general such clusters' employment in the regions' total employment is greater than 50%. The spatial distribution of the highpoint clusters and their driver industries indicate that each region has unique characteristics with respect to development priorities.
Exploring Regional Specializations in Turkey's Manufacturing Industry
The focus of the study is based on the assumption that at the heart of each cluster, there exists one or more driver industries in which the region has greatest competitive advantage. The paper aims to explore the regional distribution of National cluster templates and identify regional highpoint clusters, and for each region's highpoint clusters, identify their driver industries. Based on the National cluster templates identified in previous studies using 1996 the Turkish input-output data, the study reveals highpoint industry clusters in Turkey's seven geographical regions whose relative concentration is greater than the National average. The paper further elaborates on highpoint clusters by identifying 4-digit driver industries in each of the highpoint clusters that account for at least 0.2% of the regional work force and which are at least 25% more concentrated than national average. The findings demonstrate that each geographical region in Turkey is specialized in at least one cluster, and in general such clusters' employment in the regions' total employment is greater than 50%. The spatial distribution of the highpoint clusters and their driver industries indicate that each region has unique characteristics with respect to development priorities.