Staphylococcus epidermidis infections (original) (raw)
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2021
Article Type Original Research Authors Maryam Danesh, MSc1 Fateh Rahimi, PhD1* How to cite this article Danesh M., Rahimi F. Characterization of Biofilm Producing Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Patients and Healthy People. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2021;7(1): 1-15 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran * Correspondence Address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98 3137932250 F.rahimi@sci.ui.ac.ir Article History Received: November 05 2020 Accepted: December 15 ,2021 Published: January 23 ,2021 Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates are among the most important causes of nosocomial infections and could be classified as health threatening agents. This study aimed to determine the biofilm formation ability and clonal dissemination of S. epidermidis strains isolated from patients and healthy...
Strategies to control Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms
formatex.info
Staphylococcus epidermidis is the staphylococci species most commonly associated with bacteremia and hospital-acquired infections and has recently arisen as the leading cause of infections related to indwelling medical devices such as vascular catheters, prosthetic joints and artificial heart valves. The prevalence of S. epidermidis in hospital-acquired infections is due to its ability to adhere and form biofilms on biomaterial surfaces. This feature is one of the most important virulence factors found in S. epidermidis. In biofilm form, bacteria are protected from antimicrobial agents and the host immune system contributing to the persistence of biofilm infections. In addition, the emergence of S. epidermidis resistance to conventional therapies, based in the use of traditional antibiotics, leads to the failure of the current treatments used in the combat of S. epidermidis infections and is becoming a major concern. These facts are stimulating the continuous search for novel agents able to eradicate S. epidermidis biofilm infections or that can work in synergy with the currently available antimicrobial agents. New strategies have been showing encouraging in vitro results in controlling S. epidermidis biofilms and seem to be promising alternatives to standard antibiotics usually used in the treatment of S. epidermidis related infections.
Host Response to Staphylococcus epidermidis Colonization and Infections
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2017
The majority of research in the Staphylococcus field has been dedicated to the understanding of Staphylococcus aureus infections. In contrast, there is limited information on infections by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and how the host responds to them. S. epidermidis, a member of the coagulase-negative Staphylococci, is an important commensal organism of the human skin and mucous membranes; and there is emerging evidence of its benefit for human health in fighting off harmful microorganisms. However, S. epidermidis can cause opportunistic infections, which include particularly biofilm-associated infections on indwelling medical devices. These often can disseminate into the bloodstream; and in fact, S. epidermidis is the most frequent cause of nosocomial sepsis. The increasing use of medical implants and the dramatic shift in the patient demographic population in recent years have contributed significantly to the rise of S. epidermidis infections. Furthermore, treatment ha...
Microbial interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2007
Medical device-associated infections, most frequently caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis, are of increasing importance in modern medicine. The formation of adherent, multilayered bacterial biofilms is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of these infections, which regularly fail to respond to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Progress in elucidating the factors functional in elaboration of S. epidermidis biofilms and the regulation of their expression with a special emphasis on the role of quorum sensing are reviewed. Significant progress has been made in recent years, which provides the rationale for developing better preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic measures.
Microorganisms
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen and a frequent cause of nosocomial infections. In this work, we show that, among 51 S. epidermidis isolates from an Italian hospital, only a minority displayed biofilm formation, regardless of their isolation source (peripheral blood, catheter, or skin wounds); however, among the biofilm-producing isolates, those from catheters were the most efficient in biofilm formation. Interestingly, most isolates including strong biofilm producers displayed production levels of PIA (polysaccharide intercellular adhesin), the main S. epidermidis extracellular polysaccharide, similar to reference S. epidermidis strains classified as non-biofilm formers, and much lower than those classified as intermediate or high biofilm formers, possibly suggesting that high levels of PIA production do not confer a particular advantage for clinical isolates. Finally, while for the reference S. epidermidis strains the biofilm production clearly correlated wi...
Staphylococcus epidermidis : Emerging Resistance and Need for Alternative Agents
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1998
Previously, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the blood of hospitalized patients were often considered contaminants. Now, coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the leading causes of nosocomial blood infections. Multidrug resistance could predict a true nosocomial infection rather than a blood culture contaminant. Recent studies indicated the emergence of resistance to the quinolones, particularly to ciprofloxacin. Tolerance and occasional resistance to vancomycin have been reported recently. In addition, several reports indicated that vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics lose their effectiveness against S. epidermidis organisms embedded in the biofilm environment on the surface of medical devices. Alternative agents have been proposed in the prevention and treatment of device-related and glycopeptidetolerant S. epidermidis infections. These agents include minocycline, rifampin, and, more recently, quinupristin/dalfopristin and the oxazolidinones. combe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030. a nosocomial isolate from a community-acquired isolate. More Clinical Infectious Diseases 1998;26:1182-7
Prevention and Treatment of Staphylococcus Biofilms
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2008
Staphylococcus growth on medical devices represents a common occurrence that can lead to serious illness and death. Biomaterial-associated infection, mostly caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, is fairly complicated by the organism'development of a biofilm, which provides a microenvironment that protects from attack by the host immune system and antibiotics. In this review we present recent insights regarding S. aureus and S. epidermidis structural and functional factors that are effective in biofilm development and describe the regulation of their expression. On the basis of the knowledge gained, we also present the potential and limits of current biochemical and biophysical strategies aimed at preventing biofilm formation or at the treatment of established mature biofilms.
BMC Research Notes
Objectives Staphylococcus epidermidis is the primary causative agent of infections associated with indwelling biomaterials. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, Biofilm formation capability, and screening of responsible genes in biofilm formation procedure in clinical isolates (icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, sdrG, and atlE) were assigned as the main objectives in this study. The clinical samples were analyzed via standard biochemical assays for identifying different bacteria which were confirmed using the multiplex colony PCR method. Subsequently, biofilm-formation capability, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and the frequency of genes responsible for biofilm formation in the confirmed strains were checked. Results Out of 183 clinical specimens 54 S. epidermidis isolates were detected by targeting a housekeeping gene (sesc) taking advantage of the PCR procedure. All of the strains were Biofilm forming producers. The in vitro biofilm formation assays determined that 45 (83.33%), 5 (9.26%),...
Pathogenic Mechanisms and Host Interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis Device-Related Infection
Frontiers in microbiology, 2017
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a permanent member of the normal human microbiota, commonly found on skin and mucous membranes. By adhering to tissue surface moieties of the host via specific adhesins, S. epidermidis is capable of establishing a lifelong commensal relationship with humans that begins early in life. In its role as a commensal organism, S. epidermidis is thought to provide benefits to human host, including out-competing more virulent pathogens. However, largely due to its capacity to form biofilm on implanted foreign bodies, S. epidermidis has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in patients receiving medical devices. S. epidermidis causes approximately 20% of all orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs), increasing up to 50% in late-developing infections. Despite this prevalence, it remains underrepresented in the scientific literature, in particular lagging behind the study of the S. aureus. This review aims to provide an overview of the interactions of ...
Staphylococcus epidermidis in Biomaterial-Associated Infections
Biomaterials Associated Infection, 2012
ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis, are currently the most frequent cause of hospital acquired infections in the USA. Mostly, but not exclusively, S. epidermidis infections are linked to the use of implanted medical devices like central venous catheters, prosthetic joints and heart valves, pacemakers, cardiac assist devices, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, and intraocular lenses. As new molecular techniques reveal that S. epidermidis are by no means the most prominent bacteria of the skin and mucous membrane flora, the implication is that S. epidermidis has specific virulence factors, which transforms this commensal bacterial species into one of the most successful pathogens in modern medicine. A vast array of specific attachment factors for native and host protein-modified device surfaces and the ability to accumulate in adherent multilayered biofilms appear to be vital for the success of S. epidermidis as a pathogen. Biofilm formation contributes to the ability of the organism to withstand the host’s innate and acquired immune defense mechanisms and to resist antimicrobial therapy, so that device removal is a regular feature for the treatment of S. epidermidis biomaterial-associated infection. Recent developments in the understanding of S. epidermidis virulence are reviewed in this chapter.