Evaluating the Impact of Health Education on Health Knowledge: A Study of Secondary School Students in Cross River State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Education is an accumulated experience that helps to shape human character and mind. Health education in schools is a necessity designed to develop optimum physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social health among students. Unfortunately, recent studies show that secondary school students are nowadays reckless and less conscious on issues concerning their health. Students' unrestricted freedom and exposure to modern technologies such as: television, computer games, video games, mobile phones, Internet, access to fast foods rich in saturated fats, and driving them to school as opposed to walking or cycling is also not helping matters. The resultant effects are increased number of teenage pregnancies, obesity, HIV/AIDS, communicable diseases and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The study adopted the Survey Research design with structured questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. A total of 500 students participated in the study and data were analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). Findings revealed that there is significant relationship between health knowledge and health education amongst senior secondary school students in Cross River State. This implies that the introduction and implementation of health education programmes secondary schools have contributed immensely to the students' increased knowledge about health related issues, which is a vehicle for proper healthy living needed for societal development.
Health education is an effective tool in curbing this unsafe behaviours and unintended pregnancy among adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of health education on reproductive health knowledge, and risky sexual behaviours among secondary school students in Rivers State. The study used a randomized control-group pretest-posttest research design. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select samples for the study. The instrument for data collection was an adapted instrument titles "Asking young people about sexual and reproductive behaviours: illustrative core instrument." by Cleland, Ingham and Stone (2001). The instrument was subjected to a reliability test using Split Half and a reliability coefficient of 0.89 for knowledge and 0.887 for risky behaviours. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows (Version 21). Data were presented using descriptive statistics percentages and cross tabulation to answer research questions and inferential statistics such as Chi-square and ANCOVA was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Cohen criterion for interpretation of the eta value was used to interpret the effect of health education intervention on knowledge of reproductive health with 0.01 as small effect, 0.06 moderate effect, and 0.14 as large effect. The study findings indicated that health education had a large effect on reproductive health knowledge of respondents. The intervention group had higher mean knowledge score of 110.8±16.0 while the control group had a mean score of 92±14.9 and there was a large effect 0.43 on the knowledge level of the respondents and there (p<0.05). The findings of the study indicated education intervention had no significant effect on risky sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students (χ 2 =1.697, df = 3, p=.33). The study concluded that health education intervention impacted on Knowledge of reproductive health and but not on risky sexual behavior of secondary school students in Rivers State. The study recommended that the education curriculum developers should introduce extra-curricular activities in schools that would promote reproductive health knowledge in schools from that of the formal classroom experiences.
Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2016
The study determined knowledge of risk factors for lifestyle induced chronic diseases among secondary school students in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State. The sample for the study consisted of 480 secondary school students. The sample was drawn using multistage sampling procedures. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-designed structured questionnaire. Three experts validated the instrument. Reliability of the instrument was established using Split-half method and Spearman-Brown Correction Formula. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.60. Data analysis was performed using frequency and percentages while inferential statistics of Chi-square (2) was employed to test the null hypotheses. Results showed that students had average knowledge (57.8%) of risk factors for lifestyle induced chronic diseases. Recommendations such as implementation of vigorous awareness campaign through health education on health risks of lifestyle induced diseases in schools, integrati...
Determinants of Health Practices among the Students of Tertiary Institutions in Kano State, Nigeria
A survey study was conducted to determine health practices among students attending tertiary institutions in Kano state, Nigeria. A valid and reliable questionnaire coined HPIHLQ was self-administered to the study population of 600 students (aged 18-41years) across the selected tertiary institutions in the State, comprising of: 150 students from University, 200 each from Colleges of Education and 50 students from College of Health Sciences. Our objective was to investigate on the health instruction, health services, healthful school living, school home and community relationship towards influencing student's health practices to improve their living standards. Of 600 students, 400(66.7%) completed the questionnaire. The gender percentages of the respondents were 81.8 for male and 18.3 for female respectively. And most (54.3%) of the respondents were unmarried, 179(44.8%) were married and 4(1.0%) were divorced. Five of the factors associated with determinates of health practices were correlated and the result for relationship between determinates and health practices showed significant correlation(r = .462, p< .05), likewise between instructions and health practices (r = .477, p< .05), between health services and health practices (r = .602, p< .05), between health living and health practices (r = .880, p< .05) and between School, Home, Community with health practices (r = .804, p<.05). Based on this finding, we can conclude that health components are significant factors in ensuring effective health practices among the students of tertiary institutions in the state. Therefore, the need for the concerned authorities to encourage health related provisions in all schools.
Determinant of Health risk behaviours among secondary school students in Kwara State, Nigeria
Integrity Journal of Education and Training, 2018
Human behaviour plays a significant role in the maintenance of health, prevention of disease and disease causation; hence knowledge of health risk behaviours becomes necessary to maintain healthy life. This study examined knowledge, practice and factors associated with health risk behaviours among students in three secondary schools in Kwara State. A descriptive cross-sectional research design using a proportional cluster sampling method to select three public schools and three hundred and sixty senior secondary school students were sampled for the study. A selfdesigned questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages to answer research questions while Chi-square (x 2) was used to test hypotheses. The result revealed that 85.0% of students have knowledge about forms and factors associated with Health Risk Behaviours (HRB). It also shows that knowledge of health risk behaviours has negative impact on the student's school attendance and achievement. This study concluded that knowledge and peer group influence contributed to health risk behaviours among secondary school students in Ilorin, Kwara State. It was therefore recommended that health education on dangers of knowledge of health risk behaviours should be emphasized in schools, school environment be made free of substances been abused by the students.
Knowledge of reproductive health issues among secondary school adolescents in Calabar, Nigeria
Global Journal of Medical Sciences, 2004
Background: Awareness about HIV/AIDS has been created through the media, workshops, and peer education and printed materials. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of these awareness programmes on student. Method: An observational study using structured questionnaire among secondary school students. Results: About 181 (31.2%) of the adolescents did not know the aetiological agents of HIV/AIDS. Majority, 522 (90%) knew HIV/AIDS was transmitted through sexual intercourse. This level of knowledge was related to sex and class of study. Only 78 (13.4%) of them knew that HIV carriers might look normal. Majority, 519 (89.5%) did not know the features of AIDS. Only a few, 281 (48.4%) of the adolescents knew that avoidance of sex, keeping one sexual partner, 15 (2.6%), use of condom 101 (17.4%) and screening blood before transfusion, 31 (5.3%) could prevent HIV/AIDS transmission. Mass media was the main source of information on HIV/AIDS to these adolescents. About 191, (32.9%) of them believed HIV/AIDS cannot be prevented; 228 (39.3%) felt HIV/AIDS is common among the uneducated; 127 (21.9%) thought it is not common in Nigeria and 143 (24.7%) believed it is not common among the youths. Conclusion: Although awareness on HIV/AIDS is high among Secondary School adolescents in Calabar, the knowledge of the disease is still poor. Mass media as a source of information does not allow in-depth knowledge of the disease. Parents, teachers, as well as Health workers should be more involved in educating the youth on this dreaded disease. Les mots clés VIH/SIDA, la conscience, la connaissance, l'école secondaire Résumé Fond: la Conscience de VIH/SIDA a été créée par la presse, les ateliers, l'éducation de pair et les matériels imprimés. Le but de cette étude était d'établir l'impact de ces programmes de conscience sur l'étudiant. Méthode: une étude d'observation en utilisant le questionnaire structuré parmi les étudiants d'école secondaire. Résultats: à peu près 181 (31,2 %) des adolescents n'ont pas connu les agents aétiologiques de VIH/SIDA. La majorité, 522 (90%) a connu que VIH/SIDA a été transmis par les relations sexuelles. Ce niveau de connaissance a été attribué au sexe et à la classe d'étude. Seulement 78 (13,4 %) d'eux ont connu que les porteurs de VIH peuvent paraître normaux. La majorité, 519 (89,5 %) n'ont pas connu les caractéristiques de SIDA. Seulement quelques-uns, 281 (48,4 %) des adolescents ont connu que l'abstinence, gardant un partenaire sexuel, 15 (2,6%), l'usage de préservatif 101 (17,4 %) le criblage de sang avant la transfusion, 31 (5,3 %) pourrait empêcher la transmission de VIH/SIDA. Les médias étaient la source principale d'information sur VIH/SIDA à ces adolescents. Environ 191, (32,9 %) d'eux ont cru que VIH/SIDA ne peut pas être prevenu; 228 (39,3 %) ont pensé que VIH/SIDA est commun parmi les incultes; 127 (21,9 %) ont pensé 3 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among secondary school adolescents. Oyo-Ita A. E. et al. qu'il n'est pas commun au Nigéria et 143 (24,7 %) ont cru qu'il n'est pas commun parmi les jeunes. Conclusion: bien Que la conscience sur VIH/SIDA est haute parmi les adolescents d'école secondaires à Calabar, la connaissance de la maladie est toujours inadéquate. Les médias comme une source d'information ne permet pas la connaissance approfondie de la maladie. Les parents, les enseignants, de même que les ouvriers de santé devrait être plus impliqués dans l'éducation des jeunes sur cette maladie redoutée.
Evaluation of School Health Instruction in Primary Schools in Jos, North- Central Nigeria
2015
Background: Establishing healthy behaviours during childhood is easier and more effective than trying to change unhealthy behaviours during adulthood. The school is a place where education and health programmes can have their greatest impact because it can reach students at influential stages of their lives. We evaluated the status of school health instruction in public and private primary schools in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study involving 66 schools (20 public and 46 private) in Jos, was conducted to evaluate the status of school health instruction. A School Health Evaluation Scale was completed for each school by direct interview and inspection to ascertain the availability of the various components of school health instruction. Results: In 12 (18.2%) schools (5 public and 7 private), health education was taught by a professional health education teacher (p = 0.49). The most frequently taught topics were Personal Health and Safety Education (98.5% each...
The teaching of health education as a secondary school subject in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 2020
Health education (HED) as a subject in the secondary school curriculum has been made a compulsory subject in West African Examination Council (WAEC) and Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSCE) examinations for any candidate wanting to study any course in the medical and health-related disciplines in Nigerian tertiary institutions. This study seeks to find out the extent of the teaching of HED as a school subject in secondary schools in Bayelsa State; not as components of other subjects like health science, biology, and physical and health education. The proposed approach of the study was a Statewide survey of the teaching of HED as a school subject in secondary schools. This was done by involving 114 schools out of the 192 schools in the State. Findings revealed that out of the 114 schools visited, 38 schools only teach Physical and Health Education (PHE) as a subject in the Junior Secondary School level. During interviews with heads of schools that teaches PHE; it was gathered that the teachers who teach PHE also doubles as teachers of HED at the Senior Secondary (SSS) level. Implying that only 38 schools out of the 114 sampled schools teach (HED) as a school subject; this reveals an abysmal absence of the teaching of Health Education as a school subject in Senior Secondary Schools (SSS) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The none-teaching of HED underscores its importance to healthful-living It is therefore recommended that health education as a subject be encouraged and taught in all SSS in the State.
This descriptive survey was carried out in order todetermine the personal health risks behaviour profile among university students in the south east of Nigeria. Arandom sample of 900 students completed the questionnaire designed for the study. Out of this number 821, representing about 91.2% return rate, were used for data analysis. Means and standards deviations were used to describe the personal health risks behaviour profile of the students. T-test was used to test the entire hypotheses. Results showed that the respondents had no identifiable mental health-related, nutrition-related, physical activity-related, substance abuse-related and personal health carerelated risks. T-test showed that no significant differences existed in most of the personal health risks behaviour profile between male and female respondents. Where significant differences existed, they inclined towards favouring the females. The study supports the need for compulsory health education curriculum activities to help educate the students in making healthy behaviour choices and leading a healthier lifestyle in order toimprove or at worst maintain the status quo in their personal health risks behaviour profile. Keywords: Personal health, Risks behaviour, Profile, Students, Health education