Endophytic fungi for pest and disease management (original) (raw)
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Mass Production and Quality of Biological Control Agents for Pest Management 11
Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2021
Biocontrol provide quickly feasible so as to attain a well-balanced microbial association with a greatest of useful organisms prior to pathogens are present. It has long contemplated a prospective alternate to pesticidal plan of action for pest population reduction, but its impression and level of utilization worldwide remain self-deprecating and inconsistent. In this chapter discussed on the principles of biological control and recognize a series of limitation in the growth as well as comeback in conservation of natural enemies and considers the present time status. Future impact of this method embarrassment in pest management bioagents advanced toward at present time is frequently utilized for collection of external taxonomy characters for purpose of recognition and mass multiplication of various predator, parasitoids, and weed-killing agents for the purpose of reduction of pest population from agricultural crops. A succession of biocontrol techniques has been utilized on the basis "who feed on whom" query of food-web ecology; on that point of view, exotic natural enemies are introduced in India, and its conservation, colonization, and field release occurred for pest control; such successful case study with their future scope has been discussed. Bioagents improve unparalleled power to both explain and work on pest protective mechanisms inclusive of present within attraction toward attacked pests on plants. Rapid advances biocontrol will permit for evolution of still more new pest management alternative for which is comeback of to be expected restricted
Entomopathogenic Fungi: An Effective Biocontrol Agent for Management of Insect Populations Naturally
With the emerging need of switching over to sustainable agricultural practices, keeping in mind issues such as environmental protection, human safety and animal welfare, use of biocontrol agents like entomopathogenic fungi and other microorganisms, provides a better and safe substitute against chemical insecticdes and pesticides, associated with numerous environmental and health hazards. Entomopathogenic fungi used as a biocontrol agent can work as an effective biopesticides. These include class of fungi that can infect and kill insects. They help in regulating the insect and mite populations by causing lethal infections via epizootics. Some of the advantages associated with the use of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontainment strategies against insects and pests are; high host specificity, negligible effect on non-target organisms and easy mass production. Metarhizium anisopliae is one such entomopathogenic fungus that is testified to be effective against different insects and pests including termites, beetles and locusts. Understanding the biology and mechanism of action of these fungi is a prerequisite for using them as an effective biocontrol agent. Trichoderma is known for its parasitic activity against fungal plant pathogens, strains of Trichoderma have been reported to induce localised and systemic resistance in several plant pathogens as well as promote the growth and development of plant. Efficiency and cost are the two important parameters that need to be considered while comparing the entomopathogens (biopesticides) with the conventional chemical pesticides. This approach of using biocontrol agents instead of chemical pesticides seems to be very promising in the coming years as it heads towards sustainable agricultural practices and protecting environment, which is the need of the hour.
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL FOR SOME PESTS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND ITS SIDE EFFECTS
Series of field and laboratory experiments had been carried out in Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, for determination the efficiency of some integrated pest management for European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hb.). The results obtained can be summarized as follows: ● The toxicity of the Biofly to the aphid species and red spider mite using leaf disk dipping technique could be arranged descendingly as follows: Tetranychus cinnabarinus > Rhopalosiphum maidis > Aphis craccivora > Aphis gossypii. While, the toxicity of the different oils against spider mite T. cinnabarinus using leaf-disc dipping technique could be arranged descendingly as follows: corn oil> cotton oil >caster oil > mineral oil>canola oil> paraffin oil. ● Most tested mixtures of corn and cotton oils with Beauveria bassiana (Biofly) were less toxic than the Biofly formulation. while, the mixtures which consists of 3 parts of Biofly and 1 part caster oil or canola or mineral and paraffi...
Biological control a sustainable approach for plant diseases management: A review
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
It is estimated that diseases, insects and weeds together annually interfere with the production and destroy 36.5% crop production. In general losses of crops due to disease amount to 25% of world crop production per annum (Lugtenberg, 2015). Biological disease control is an attractive strategy for the control of plant diseases. Meanwhile, it also provides practices compatible with the goal of a sustainable agricultural system. Biological control is the suppression of disease by the application of a Biocontrol Agent (BCA) usually a fungus, bacterium, or virus. Weindling (1932) reported the parasitic nature of Trichoderma lignorum on several plant pathogens. Biological disease control is an attractive alternative strategy for the control of plant diseases. Meanwhile, it also provides practices compatible with the goal of a sustainable agricultural system. Insofar as we know, the mechanisms of bio-control may involve and be divided into (i) antibiosis, (ii) competition, (iii) mycopara...
Plant Science Today (PST; eISSN: 2348-1900), 2023
Biological pesticides are pesticides derived from natural materials such as bacteria, plants, and minerals that are applied to crops to kill pests. Biopesticides are targeted, inexpensive, eco-friendly, sustainable, leave no trace, and are not associated with the production of greenhouse gases. It contributes significantly to the agricultural bio-economy's sustainability. The advantages to the ecosystem provided by many significant biological resources justify the incorporation of biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Through advancements in research and development, the use of biopesticides has significantly reduced environmental contamination. The development of biopesticides promotes agricultural modernization and will surely result in a gradual phase-out of chemical pesticides. Although synthetic pesticides have positive effects on crop yield and productivity, they also have some negative impacts on soil biodiversity, animals, aquatic life, and humans. In general, synthetic pesticides make the soil brittle, decrease soil respiration, and reduce the activity of some soil microorganisms, such as earthworms. Pesticide buildup in bodies of water can spread from aquatic life to animals including people, as their biomagnification can cause fatal diseases like cancer, kidney disease, rashes on the skin, diabetes, etc. Biopesticides, on the other hand, have surfaced and have proven to be quite beneficial in the management of pests and are safe for the environment and hence have emerged as very useful in the control of pests with a lot of merits. The present review provides a broad perspective on the different kinds of pesticides. We analyzed suitable and environmentally friendly ways to improve the acceptance and industrial application of microbial herbicides, phytopesticides, and nano biopesticides for plant nutrition, crop protection/ yield, animal/human health promotion, as well as their potential integration into the integrated pest management system.
. Advanced Research in Sciences, 2023
The scientific and technical development that made the industrial revolution possible not only transformed the social structure worldwide, but also imposed new requirements on food production and necessitated changes in plant cultivation procedures. Within this, pest control management underwent a radical change in the last century, and the use of pesticides (synthetic chemicals) became widespread. The main reason for this is the maintenance of the profitability of the production by guaranteeing the reliability of the harvest. This latter aspect usually is not taken into the account by those who oppose the use of pesticides. In the past half century, the pesticide assortment has undergone significant changes, currently around 2000 different active ingredients are available, among which the proportion of synthetic super selective molecules has increased. Although this contributed to the reduction of concerns about their use, the widespread application of these mono site inhibitors imposed new requirements. On the one hand due to the acquired resistance against them within the pest population, and on the other hand due to the appearance of new, previously insignificant pest species. Among them, the phytopathogenic bacteria are of increasing importance: we currently do not have a sufficiently effective preparation that can be used to control them widely in plant cultivation. There is an urgent need to develop pesticides suitable for combating newly emerging diseases. In this paper, the author examined this question from the inventor’s point of view, sharing the experiences of six decades of research in this area.
Elements of agroecological pest and disease management
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
The development of large-scale monocropped agrisystems has facilitated increased problems with pests and diseases, perpetuating the reliance of farmers on synthetic pesticides. The economic success of synthetic inputs has, however, been achieved at a high cost to the environment through the loss of biodiversity, depletion of soil quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and disrupting the ecosystem services that can otherwise help mitigate losses caused by pests and diseases. Environmentally benign alternatives for pest and disease management are urgently needed and are now widely recognized as essential for sustainable food and agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization, for example, has published the 10 elements of agroecology as a framework for the transformation of agriculture. Agroecology combines ecological and social concepts and principles to develop sustainable food and agricultural systems by harnessing nature-based solutions that are tailored to farmers’ needs. Plant-ba...