International Prevalence and Correlates of Psychological Stress during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic (original) (raw)
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Who is the Most Stressed During the COVID‐19 Pandemic? Data From 26 Countries and Areas
Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 2020
Background: To limit the rapid spread of COVID-19, countries have asked their citizens to stay at home. As a result, demographic and cultural factors related to home life have become especially relevant to predict population well-being during isolation. This pre-registered worldwide study analyses the relationship between the number of adults and children in a household, marital status, age, gender, education level, COVID-19 severity, individualism-collectivism, and perceived stress. Methods: We used the COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey data of 53,524 online participants from 26 countries and areas. The data were collected between 30 March and 6 April 2020. Results: Higher levels of stress were associated with younger age, being a woman, lower level of education, being single, staying with more children, and living in a country or area with a more severe COVID-19 situation. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that certain people may be more susceptible to experience elevated levels of stress. Our findings highlight the need for public health to be attentive to both the physical and the psychological well-being of these groups.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
Objective: To study the population-level mental health responses during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Estonia and analyze its socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related variations among general population. Methods: This study used nationally representative data on 4,606 individuals, aged 18–79 years from a rapid-response cross-sectional survey conducted in April 2020. Point prevalence and mutually adjusted prevalence rate ratios for perceived stress from log-binomial regression analysis were presented for socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables. Results: This study found that 52.2% of population aged 18–79 reported elevated stress levels in relation to COVID-19 outbreak. Higher levels of perceived stress were found in women, in younger age groups, in Estonians, and in those with higher self-perceived infection risk, presence of respiratory symptoms, and less than optimal health, according to self-reports. Conclusion: Alt...
BackgroundUnderstanding the multifaceted impacts of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) outbreak as it unfolds is crucial to identify the most critical needs and to inform targeted interventions.MethodsThis population survey study presents cohort characteristics and baseline observations linked to the acute-mid phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of perceived threats and concerns, occupational and financial impacts, social impacts and stress as measured by the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) collected cross-sectionally between April 3 and May 15, 2020. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with stress changes relative to pre-outbreak estimates.Findings6,040/6,685 (90·4%) participants filled out at least 1/3 of the survey and were included in the analyses. On average, PSS scores increased from 12·9+6·8 before the outbreak to 14·9+8·3 during the outbreak (p<0·001). The independent factors associated with stress worsening were: having a me...
Perceived stress in different countries at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic
International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 2021
Objective: The coronavirus has spread around the world, causing an ongoing pandemic. After the lockdown and quarantine protocols, an evaluation of the population's current emotional state was made through a web-based survey available in both English and Spanish. The objective was to observe how respondents perceived stress and worry as a result of COVID-19. Methods: The survey gathered data across three sections: socio-demographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen, and additional queries on current worries and behaviors due to this pandemic. Results: The survey received 1523 respondents from 48 countries. The mean of the PSS-10 score was 17.4 (SD 6.5). Significantly higher scores were observed among women, young adults, students, and those who expressed concern about getting infected and considered themselves high-risk. No significant differences were observed between health professionals and other professions.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2020
Introduction: Since the beginning of the outbreak in China, ending 2019, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread subsequently to the rest of the world causing an ongoing pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 "a public health emergency of international concern." Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, a research team of doctors from the Hospital of Salamanca, decided to do an evaluation of the current emotional state on the general population with a webbased survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Results: The survey received 1091 respondents from 41 countries, from March 17 to the 1 st of April, 2020. The mean age of the respondents was 43.1 (14.2) years old, and more than two thirds were women. 21.1% were health personnel. The mean of the PSS-10 score was 17.4 (6.4). Significantly higher scores were observed among women, youth, students, and among those who expressed concern and those who perceived increased susceptibility to the COVID-19. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the health professionals and the general population. A weak correlation was observed between mean relative volume RSV of the last 28 days and the number of cases reported (rho = 0.31, p <0.001) and deaths (rho = 0.28, p <0.001). Discussion: With these results the researchers describe an increase of affective symptoms due to the COVID-19. This pandemic is raising the anxiety levels. The findings of the study show the affective and cognitive alterations people are going through. This survey is the first attempt to measure the psychological consequences this pandemic is having, in order to be able to provide the support to confront this global issue, addressing the mental health care that will be needed.
A Correlational Study of Impact of COVID-19 on Stress
2021
The COVID-19 outbreak impacted people from all walks of life, with people being urged to self-quarantine in their homes to prevent the virus from spreading. The lockdown had a significant impact on mental health, contributing in psychological issues such as anger, stress, and depression. A study titled ‘A Correlational study of impact of COVID-19 on stress was conducted with the aim of studying the impact of COVID-19 on stress. A total of 306 responses were collected using convenient random sampling and a selfadministered questionnaire as data collection tool. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA. The factors selected for the purpose of the study are gender, education level, family size and marital status, the p value of which are 0.025, 0.123, 0.001 and 0.025 respectively. Analysis of assessment of COVID-19 on the basis of gender showed that there is significant difference between the stress level of males and females. Analysis on the basis o...
Stress and Anxiety in General Population in Romania During COVID-19 Pandemic
2021
The mental health challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmingly affect the general population. Stress and health anxiety, the risk of losing a job and working at home, online education for children, and isolation have a devastating cumulative effect. This study aims to achieve the following: i) to identify the epidemiological specifics of the perceived stress levels in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic; ii) to evaluate the correlation between socioeconomic factors and the level of perceived stress and anxiety; iii) to analyze the correlation between the perceived stress scores and the anxiety scores in the general population. We applied Perceived Stress Score (PSS) validated questionnaire and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) online to a group of respondents (N=1.362), profiling the data based on demographics: age, sex, COVID-19 infection, behavior compliance to sanitary limitations, socioeconomic status, and pre-existing health issues. Results show ...
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2020
Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is global challenge humankind has ever witnessed in recent times. After its outbreak in late December in Wuhan China, it has expanded to affect the entire world. In as much as it is a new disease, there is dearth of evidence. Aim: The aim of this study is to find and assess the factors associated with self-perceived stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal. Method: We evaluated 374 respondents from an online survey, using the Sheldon Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, to assess stress levels during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal. Results: Nearly three quarters of the respondents rated their self-perceived stress as moderate to high, and about one quarter reported to have low self-perceived stress. Age and employment status were associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak. Conclusions: There is a need to carry out psychological intervention activities through various mediums to help people become more resilient during the COVID-19 epidemic. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2020; 34(2):00-00]
Stress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: Result of an online survey
Psychiatry Research, 2021
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