The Association between Meningitis and Myopia in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review (original) (raw)

Ocular Manifestations of Meningitis in Children

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 2012

Introduction: Meningitis is the most common central nervous system disease affecting children leading to focal neurological deficits and various oculovisual anomalies including blindness in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oculovisual anomalies occurring in Nepalese children suffering from different types of bacterial meningitis. Materials and Methods: A Prospective, study was undertaken for 18 months at B.P.Koirala Lion’s Center for ophthalmic studies, TU Teaching Hospital to study the children suffering from bacterial meningitis admitted at Kanti Children’s Hospital for ocular involvement. A through history, anterior and posterior segment ocular examination and investigations like blood, CSF and CT scan were done. Results: A total of 182 cases of bacterial meningitis were screened. Tubercular meningitis cases were 40 (21.97%) and Pyogenic were 142 (78.02%). Oculovisual anomalies were seen in 70 (38.46%) cases. The ocular abnormalities included pupillary ch...

Study of ophthalmic manifestations in tubercular meningitis patients

IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019

Abstract Introduction: Ophthalmic complications are very common in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients, understanding the ocular problems in tubercular meningitis patients is very important for ophthalmologists to intervene on time to prevent irreversible damage to eye. Hence this investigation has been undertaken to study ophthalmic manifestations in suspected tubercular meningitis patients in both Pediatric and adult population in Basaveshwara teaching and general hospital, Kalaburagi attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College (MRMC). Materials and Mathods: The study was conducted at Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi attached to M.R. Medical College, from Dec 2011 to May 2013. 100 admitted patients diagnosed with TB meningitis, were selected for the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of TBM patients who were conscious and cooperative for ophthalmic examination. Group B consisted of TBM patients who were in a state of coma, uncooperative for ophthalmic evaluation. Results: Out of the 100 patients, 64% had ocular findings. In our study 22% had cranial nerve palsy. Fundus changes were seen in 50% of the patients. Around 22% patients had visual acuity, CSF protein content was considerably high in all patients. Hydrocephalous was seen in 31% (20) patients. Conclusion: In our study it was observed that most of TBM patients had ocular findings, CSF protein was found in many patients and after treatment there was improvement in ocular problems. We suggest further research with larger sample size to support our findings. Keywords: Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Ophthalmic manifestations.

Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Acute Meningitis in Children Below 10 Years.

IAR Consortium, 2022

Background: Meningitis is an inflammation of fluid and protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord, it can be difficult to diagnose clinically particularly in young infants who do not seem to reliably display the classic features of the disease. Objective: To describe different clinical and laboratory findings of acute meningitis among children aged below 10 years. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study comprised One hundred eight patients aged below 10 years had admitted to the emergency department of Child's Central Teaching Hospital diagnosed as meningitis during six months' period from 1stof February 2017 to 31st of July 2017. They were subdivided into two groups according to age: infants less than 1 year and children between 1-10 years. Results: The mean age was 2.67±2.4 years. There were 41 patients below 1 year and 67 patients from 1-10 years. Males were significantly more than females in both age groups with male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Sixty-one patients (57%) used antibiotics before doing lumber puncture ( LP), while forty- seven patients (43%) did not use any antibiotics. According to the etiology of meningitis is subdivided into two groups viral and bacterial meningitis, Thirty-eight patients (36%) had viral meningitis, 70(64%) patients had bacterial meningitis, 54 patients of them (50%) were partially treated with antibiotics, and 16 patients (14%) without antibiotic use. Fever was the most common symptom present in viral and bacterial meningitis in a 92% and 99% order. Vomiting and convulsions follow fever in the order of occurrence. Photophobia and headache found only in patients above 1 year. While poor feeding and lethargy were found in both age groups, but was significant in cases below 1 year. Bulging fontanel and irritability were the most common signs in infants with acute meningitis, where neck stiffness, kernig’s sign, and irritability were the most common signs above 1 year aged. CSF glucose was low in 69% of bacterial meningitis, 94% of partially treated bacterial meningitis, and 11% of viral meningitis. CSF protein was high in 88% of bacterial meningitis, 83% of partially treated bacterial meningitis and 8% of viral meningitis. These differences were significant. Leukocytosis was found in 48% of viral meningitis, 71% of partially treated bacterial meningitis, and 75% of bacterial meningitis, these differences were significant. Serum C-RP was positive in 26% of patients with viral meningitis, 37% of patients with partially treated bacterial meningitis, and 94% of patients with bacterial meningitis. Differences were significant. Conclusion: Fever, vomiting, and convulsions were the most common symptoms of meningitis in both age groups. No single clinical feature is diagnostic, and the most accurate is the combination of clinical features to raise suspicion of meningitis. Leukocytosis was found most prominent with bacterial more than viral meningitis.

Menigitis Pediatrics in review

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening infection of the central nervous system that requires immediate medical attention. Even with appropriate treatment, morbidity and mortality can be substantial. It is essential for clinicians to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of meningitis and understand its management and prevention. The focus of this review is acute bacterial meningitis in children, including its causes in different age groups, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and sequelae

Clinical and Etiological profile of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in a Tertiary care center

IOSR Journals , 2019

Background: Bacterial meningitis constitutes one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Pediatric population. The prevalence of common pathogens has reduced in developing countries with implementation of successful vaccination against the pathogens. Laboratory surveillance of pathogens is crucial in formulating the empirical treatment guidelines in suspected cases of Bacterial meningitis. We conducted this study to determine the clinical profile and bacterial pathogen pattern in such cases in a tertiary center. Methods: A Single blinded Prospective study was conducted over one and half year duration and all suspected cases of acute bacterial meningitis were included in the study. Clinical features were recorded.CSF culture was done and biochemical analysis & cell counts of CSF were performed. Results were analyzed using SPSS 11.2 software version. Results: Among 150 children, 83 were male child, 67 were female children. Fever was the predominant complaint followed by altered sensorium, convulsion, and neck rigidity. Few cases were admitted with cranial nerve involvement, cerebellar signs, motor and sensory system involvement. Among the infants fever, refusal of feeds, bulging fontanel were common presentation. In our study, nearly 47 cases among 150 cases of suspected bacterial meningitis had positive growth in culture. Among culture positive cases Gram negative organisms were predominant than gram positive organisms. CONS was the single most common isolate in the study followed by others like GNB, Enterococci, Escherichia coli, S. aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Conclusions: There is an overwhelming need to formulate locally suitable antibiotic policies in the management of cases of Pediatric bacterial meningitis. As the clinical manifestations are sometimes not clear, a high index of suspicion, laboratory evaluation of CSF and rational use of empirical antibiotics greatly reduce the morbidity and mortality of such cases.