Lack of transfer of skills after virtual reality simulator training with haptic feedback (original) (raw)
Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies
Background and Objective: Virtual Reality (VR) simulators enrich surgical training and offer training possibilities outside of the operating room (OR). In this study, we created a criterionbased training program on a VR simulator with haptic feedback and tested it by comparing the performances of a simulator group against a control group. Methods: Medical students with no experience in laparoscopy were randomly assigned to a simulator group or a control group. In the simulator group the candidates trained until they reached predefined criteria on the LapSim® VR simulator (Surgical Science AB, Sweden) with haptic feedback (Xitact TM IHP, Mentice AB, Sweden). All candidates performed a cholecystectomy on a porcine organ model in a box trainer (the clinical setting). The performances were video rated by two surgeons blinded to subject training status. Results: In total, 30 students performed the cholecystectomy and had their videos rated (N=16 simulator group, N=14 control group). The control group achieved better video rating scores than the simulator group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The criterion-based training program did not transfer skills to the clinical setting. Poor mechanical performance of the simulated haptic feedback is believed to have resulted in a negative training effect.
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