Micromorphology, microstructure and topography characterization of resin materials (original) (raw)
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Ultramorphological assessment of dentin-resin interface after use of simplified adhesives
Operative dentistry
This study assessed dentin-resin interface integration in Class I cavities restored with simplified adhesives by using a focused ion-beam milling (FIB) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Class I cavities (1.5-mm depth with dentin thickness of ∼0.5 mm, 4-mm length, and 2-mm width) were prepared on freshly extracted, sound human molars. Two all-in-one adhesive systems (Scotchbond/Single Bond Universal [SUD] and Xeno-V(+) [X5D]) were used and compared with a two-step etch-and-rinse system (Prime&Bond NT [NTD]). The adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' guidelines. A universal resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT Universal) was used to restore the cavities in one bulk filling and was irradiated at 550 mW/cm(2) for 40 seconds by a quartz-tungsten-halogen light (Optilux 501). After exposure to liquid nitrogen coolant, the specimens were milled to nanoscale thickness by FIB to view and then assess the area of dentin-resin interface by TEM. Unlike the unfilled X5D, ...
Surface Characterisation of Dental Resin Composites Related to Conditioning and Finishing
Polymers
Due to the little information related to surface processing and conditioning of resin matrix ceramic materials previous glazing, the main purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the surface morphology of different resin composite materials. Five types of resin composite CAD-CAM materials: a resin composite ceramic Vita Enamic (E) and four types of nanoparticle-filled resins, like Lava Ultimate (L), Cerasmart (C), Shofu HC (S), Hyramic (H) were taken into consideration. Specimens received the following surface treatment protocols: conventional polishing [p], polishing and glazing [pg], conditioning with CoJet [c], conditioning with CoJet and glazing [cg], sandblasting [s], sandblasting and glazing [sg], etching [e], etching and glazing [eg]. Surface roughness was analyzed for all samples and nanosurface topographic characterization was made by Atomic Force Microscopy. The highest roughness was registered for sandblasted surfaces...
Characterization of Nano- and Micro-Filled Resin Composites Used as Dental Restorative Materials
ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials, 2008
Adhesively-bonded resin composites have the advantage of conserving sound tooth structure with the potential for tooth reinforcement, while at the same time providing an aesthetically acceptable restoration. However, no composite material has been able to meet both the functional needs of posterior restorations and the superior aesthetics required for anterior restoration. In an attempt to develop a dental resin composite that had the mechanical strength of hybrid composite materials and the superior polish and gloss retention associated with microfilled materials, nanofilled resin composites have been introduced in the market. Although nanofillers are the most popular fillers utilized in current visible light-activated dental resin composites and are claimed to be the solution for the most challenging material limitations as a universal restorative material, the mechanisms by which these fillers influence the resin composite properties are not well explained. In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of a nanofilled resin composite containing 60 vol. % zirconia and silica fillers were evaluated and compared to those of a microhybrid resin composite of the same composition. The nanofilled resin composite was found to have equivalent polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure to the microhybrid material but a slightly lower degree of conversion and density. Regarding mechanical behaviour, although the nanocomposite was found to exhibit significantly higher wear resistance, and equivalent flexural strength, its indentation modulus and nanohardness were slightly lower. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the microstructure and to obtain a better understanding of the effect of the nanofillers on the behaviour of the nanocomposite.
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2012
Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the hybrid layer (HL) morphology created by three adhesive systems (AS) on dentin surfaces treated with Er:YAG laser using two irradiation parameters. Study Design: Occlusal flat dentin surfaces of 36 human third molars were assigned into nine groups (n ¼ 4) according to the following ASs: one bottle etch&rinse Single Bond Plus (3M ESPE), two-step Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray), and all-in-one S 3 Bond (Kuraray) self-etching, which were labeled with rhodamine B or fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and were applied to dentin surfaces that were irradiated with Er:YAG laser at either 120 (38.7 J/cm 2) or 200 mJ/pulse (64.5 J/cm 2), or were applied to untreated dentin surfaces (control group). The ASs were light-activated following MI and the bonded surfaces were restored with resin composite Z250 (3M ESPE). After 24 hours of storage in vegetable oil, the restored teeth were vertically, serially sectioned into 1-mm thick slabs, which had the adhesive interfaces analyzed with confocal laser microscope (CLSM-LSM 510 Meta). CLSM images were recorded in the fluorescent mode from three different regions along each bonded interface. Results: Non-uniform HL was created on laser-irradiated dentin surfaces regardless of laser irradiation protocol for all AS, while regular and uniform HL was observed in the control groups. ''Stretch mark''-like red lines were found within the HL as a result of resin infiltration into dentin microfissures, which were predominantly observed in 200 mJ/pulse groups regardless of AS. Poor resin infiltration into peritubular dentin was observed in most regions of adhesive interfaces created by all ASs on laser-irradiated dentin, resulting in thin resin tags with neither funnelshaped morphology nor lateral resin projections. Conclusion: Laser irradiation of dentin surfaces at 120 or 200 mJ/pulse resulted in morphological changes in HL and resin tags for all ASs evaluated in the study.
2016
Introduction: In recent dentin adhesive systems etching of enamel/dentin are achieved simultaneously. The objective was to evaluate the microleakage of composite restorations using Single Bond2 (5th generation), Clearfil S3 Bond and G Bond (7th generation). Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on 45 extracted intact premolars with gingival margins at the cementoenamel junction and they were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15) based on the type of adhesives: Single Bond2 (5th generation), Clearfil S3 Bond and G Bond (7th generation). After applying the adhesives, the cavities were filled with Z250 composite resin. The occlusal and gingival microleakage was evaluated using 2% basic fuchsin staining technique. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean rank of occlusal microleakage exhibited significant differences by comparison of G Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond and Single Bond2 (21.07, 30.67) and 17.27, respectively) (P=0.0...
Adhesion of resin composite to enamel and dentin: a methodological assessment
This study compared the impact of four test methods on adhesion of resin composite to enamel and dentin. Human molars (N = 54) were randomly assigned to test the adhesion of resin composite material (Quadrant Universal LC) using one of the following test methods: (a) macroshear test (SBT; n = 16), (b) macrotensile test (TBT; n = 16), (c) microshear test (μSBT; n = 16) and (d) microtensile test (μTBT; n = 6). In a randomized manner, buccal or lingual surfaces of each tooth, were assigned as enamel or dentin substrates. Enamel and dentin surfaces were conditioned using an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Syntac Classic). After storage (24 h, 37 °C), bond tests were conducted in a Universal Testing Machine (1 mm/min) and failure types were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Univariate and Tukey`s, Bonneferroni tests (α = 0.05). Two-parameter Weibull modulus, scale (m) and shape (0) were calculated. Test method (p < 0.001) and substrate type (p < 0.001) significantly affected the results. When testing adhesion of resin composite to enamel, SBT (25.9 ± 5.7) a , TBT (17.3 ± 5.1) a,c and μSBT (27.2 ± 6.6) a,d test methods showed significantly higher mean bond values compared to μTBT (10.1 ± 4.4) b (p < 0.05). Adhesion of resin composite to dentin did not show significant difference depending on the test method (12 ± 5.7-20.4 ± 4.8; p > 0.05). Only with SBT, significant difference was observed for bond values between enamel (25.9 ± 5.7) and dentin (12 ± 5.7; p < 0.05). Weibull distribution presented the highest shape values for enamel-μSBT (29.7) and dentin-μSBT (22.2) among substrate-test combinations. Regardless of the test method, cohesive failures in substrate were more frequent in enamel (19.1%) than in dentin (9.8%).
The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2017
The study aimed to analyze the morphology of the dentin-resin interface yielded by two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems with different solvents and compositions. A total of 32 dentine disks were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups of one-bottle etch-and-rinse adhesive systems containing different solvents: group I, Adper Scotchbond-IXT™ (ethanol/water); group II, XP-Bond™ (tertiary butanol); group III, Prime and Bond NT(®) (acetone); and group IV, One Coat bond® (5% water). Adhesive systems were applied onto dentin disks, which were then thermal cycled, divided into two hemi-disks (n = 16), and prepared for field-emission scanning electron microscopy to examine the dentin-resin interdiffusion zone. Microphotographs were scanned and data were processed. Data were compared with analysis of variance multivariant test after Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests using Statistic Package for the Social Sciences. The adhesive layer thickness average found was group I: 45.9...
Micromorphology of the Adhesive Interface of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Enamel and Dentin
Materials
Interfaces between dentin, enamel and luting agents were characterized using low vacuum Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). After smear layer creation, one of three luting agents (RelyX Unicem 2, Clearfil SA Cement and Panavia F 2.0/ED Primer II) was applied on 60 enamel-dentin specimens and dual-cured or self-cured. Specimens were polished (Experiment 1) and subsequently demineralized and deproteinized (Experiment 2). Adhesive interfaces were analyzed (low vacuum SEM, ×3000). Presence of an interdiffusion zone, tag-like structures (dentin) and marginal gaps (enamel) were assessed. Non-parametrical tests (χ2-test, α = 0.05) were performed. The first null-hypothesis was that the adhesive interface micromorphology between enamel and dentin and self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) is similar with conventional resin cement used with a self-etch adhesive (CRC+SE). The second null-hypothesis was that the micromorphology is not influenced by curing modes. Interdiffusion zones and tag-like s...