Optical Properties of Poly Vinyl Chloride PVC Films Irradiated with Beta and Gamma -Rays (original) (raw)
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Optical properties and structural features of UV-C irradiated polyvinylidene chloride films
The modifications caused in polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) polymer films on exposure to ultra-violet light (UV-C light of wavelength 254 nm) in air for different exposure times varying from one hour up to six hours have been investigated by using ultraviolet - visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques, as well as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. XRD scans reveal that the degree of crystallinity (Xc) increased from 4.7% up to 28.6% on increasing the UV exposure time of PVDC from 1 hour up to 4 hours, and a further increase in the exposure time causes a decrease in the value of Xc. The FTIR scans reveal the formation of hydrogen bonded hydroxyl groups as well as conjugated alkene structures in the PVDC sample on exposure to UV-C radiation. For the study of modification in band structure of the UV irradiated PVDC films, the UV-Vis spectroscopy was used; it was found that the optical band gap decreases from 4.70 eV down to 3.92 eV, as obtai...
Effect of Swift Heavy Ion irradiation on Optical properties of Poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) Films
"The lithium ion (50 MeV) having fluence range of 1x1011 ions/cm2 to 3x1012 ions/cm2 induced poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) films have been examined using UV-Visible technique. The shift in optical absorption edge in irradiated PVDC was associated with the decrease in optical band gap energy. The noticeable characteristic peak was detected due to UV-Vis analysis, in lithium irradiated samples of PVDC at highest fluence. Kusam Devgan""Effect of Swift Heavy Ion irradiation on Optical properties of Poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) Films"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2244.pdf Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/2244/effect-of-swift-heavy-ion-irradiation-on-optical-properties-of-poly-vinylidene-chloride-pvdc-films/kusam-devgan"
Doping Effect on Optical Constants of Poly-Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
Academic Research International
In the present work, the effect of silver acetic ((CH3COO) Ag) addition on some optical properties of poly-vinyl chloride has been studied. For that purpose, many samples has been prepared by adding ((CH 3COO) Ag) to the poly-vinyl chloride with different weight percentages from ((CH 3COO) Ag) with polymer and by different thickness .The absorption and transmission spectra has been recorded in the wavelength range (190-890) nm. The absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constant and optical conductivity have been determined.
Effect of Temperature and Concentration on the Optical Properties of PVC Solutions
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In this paper, effects of temperature and concentration on the absorption spectra for Polyvinyl chloride solutions are studied at wavelengths from 200 to 400 nm and with the range of temperature 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees (C o). Electronic absorption spectra were examined over the wavelength range 200-400 nm by different concentrations (1x10-3 , 8x10-4 , 6.5x10-4, 5x10-4 and 3x10-4)[M]. The UV spectra shifted slightly towards large wavelength with increasing the temperature. The values of the energy gap of polyvinyl chloride are decreasing as concentration and temperature increased. The data shows that the refractive index of the polymer decreases with increasing the wavelength and temperature. The relationship between the absorption coefficient and photon energy of the PVC solutions are calculated.
Optical properties of pure and modified poly(vinyl chloride)
International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 2013
Background: In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is considered one of the most versatile plastics. It is the second largest manufactured resin by volume worldwide. Results: To study the optical properties of modified PVC containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole and phthalyl groups in the repeating units, thin films of the prepared polymers (P I, P II, P III, P IV, P V, and PVC) were casted from tetrahydrofuran solvent with a thickness of 30 μm. The optical properties were studied in the range of 200 to 600 nm, and the optical data were analyzed and interpreted in terms of the theory of phonon-assisted direct electronic transitions; the measured E g of pure and modified PVC increases in the following order:
2 3 Volume 22 Number 5 Characterization of UV-irradiated Lexan polycarbonate films
Lexan polycarbonate films were irradiated by UV radiation at wavelength k = 250 nm under different time exposures of 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 h. Structural, optical and mechanical modifications were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV-Visible spectroscopy, impedance analysis, tensile testing and rheometry methods. The crystallite size and percentage of crystallinity were found to decrease upon irradiation as was studied by XRD. It indicated that polymer was moving towards more disordered state after irradiation corroborating DSC results. FTIR Study showed the carbonate linkage is the radiationsensitive linkage and benzene ring does not undergo any change after irradiation. SEM results showed the formation of pores after irradiation. The atomic force microscopy measurements revealed that the average roughness of the film increased after being irradiated. The glass transition temperature was observed to decrease after irradiation as revealed by DSC measurement. UV-Visible spectra showed decrease in optical band gap after irradiation due to chain scission in the Lexan polycarbonate. Plot of AC conductivity versus log (f) displayed a sharp increase in conductivity at higher frequencies and dielectric constant/ loss was observed to change with the irradiation time. The mechanical properties and average molecular weight of Lexan polycarbonate decreased after irradiation, while the average number of chain scissions per original polymer molecule increased with increase in time of exposure.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977), 1985
Radiation-induced oxidative degradation of PVC films using 6°CO-~ radiation has been investigated at room temperature. Quantitative analyses of evolved gases and oxidative products during irradiation under vacuum conditions and in the presence of oxygen were determined. The G-values of evolved gases from PVC films irradiated under vacuum were: G(HCI) = 2.3, G(H2) = 0.18, G(CH4) = 0.001, G(CO2) = 0.007, and, G(CO)= 0.01 while in the presence of oxygen at an initial pressure of 500 Torr, and the G-values were: G(HCI) = 3.0, G(H2) = 0.2, G(CH4) = 0.006, G(CO2) = 0.09, G(CO) = 0.1, and G(O2) = 1.5. The evolved gases and oxygen consumption were found to depend on oxygen pressure during irradiation of the PVC films. The intrinsic viscosity of rigid PVC was found to decrease at low doses and then gradually increase at higher ones. This may be due to the oxidative degradation occurring at low doses. On the other hand, crosslinking may be the predominant effect at higher doses. Mechanical properties of irradiated PVC films show that there is no significant change in the tensile strength until 0.6 MGy. Meanwhile, elongation percent increases with dose to reach a maximum at 0.1 MGy, and thereafter it sharply decreases at higher irradiation doses.
β-radiation effects on PVC materials: Methodology for studying chemical modifications
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994
The radiosterilization of plastic packaging theoretically induces two types of chemical modifications, namely reticulation and cleavage, that depend not only on the chemical structure of the polymer, but also on the kind and dose of radiation. This article proposes a methodology for studying plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) behavior submitted to / 3 radiation. Analytical techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with a light scattering detector were used in this study. SEC has informed us directly on the modifications (reticulation, scission) that intervened after a radiotreatment; TGA allowed us to highlight polymer structural changes. In addition, FTIR was employed to demonstrate an intermolecular dehydrochlorination following the radiotreatment. The results of these investigations permitted us to demonstrate both a reticulation and a scission phenomena within the PVC polymer. 0 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical studies of SHI Irradiated poly(o-toluidine)-PVC blends
The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, 2007
Conducting poly(o-toluidine) (PoT) was synthesized from a derivative of aniline (o-toluidine) monomer by chemical oxidative polymerization method. After polymerization, the polymer prepared was then blended with Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) to achieve films. FTIR and UV-Visible studies were carried out to get their optical information. The blends were irradiated by Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) beam of 60 MeV C 5+ ions with different fluences. Post Irradiation FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy were carried out on these films, which revealed changes in the band gap with irradiation. There are also changes in the functional groups, which are confirmed by FTIR spectra. Optical band gap is found to decrease at all fluences and increased with increase in fluence.