Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (original) (raw)
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Diet and microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut in disharmony
World journal of gastroenterology, 2017
Bacterial colonization of the gut shapes both the local and the systemic immune response and is implicated in the modulation of immunity in both healthy and disease states. Recently, quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been detected in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, reinforcing the hypothesis of dysbiosis as a relevant mechanism underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Humans and microbes have co-existed and co-evolved for a long time in a mutually beneficial symbiotic association essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, the microbiome is dynamic, changing with age and in response to environmental modifications. Among such environmental factors, food and alimentary habits, progressively altered in modern societies, appear to be critical modulators of the microbiota, contributing to or co-participating in dysbiosis. In addition, food constituents such as micronutrients are important regulators of muco...
Dietary patterns influence the gut microbiota and prevent inflammatory bowel disease
The human microbiota is the set of symbiotic microorganisms found in the human gut. In physiological condition, the interaction between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system results in a controlled state of inflammation and ensures normal enteric physiological function. The delicate balance can change as a result of shifts in the composition or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. This situation referred to as " dysbiosis " leads to a modification of intercellular tight junctions and penetration of antigens into the intercellular space leading to the activation of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), with activation of the inflammatory cascade and tissue damage. To ensure the proper functioning of the immune system and prevent inflammatory bowel diseases and other disorders is important to be careful on dietary habits. Several studies establish that diet is a major factor in determining the microbial composition of the gut suggesting its role as external factor able to promote the onset of specific diseases by disrupting the immune homeostasis. Starting from these evidences, the aim of this review is to show the health benefits associated with a diet based on specific foods that can positively modulate the gut microbiota composition and metabolism.
The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Regulating Gastrointestinal and Inflammatory Disease
Frontiers in Immunology
Diet is an important lifestyle factor that is known to contribute in the development of human disease. It is well established that poor diet plays an active role in exacerbating metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Our understanding of how the immune system drives chronic inflammation and disease pathogenesis has evolved in recent years. However, the contribution of dietary factors to inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and arthritis remain poorly defined. A western diet has been associated as pro-inflammatory, in contrast to traditional dietary patterns that are associated as being anti-inflammatory. This may be due to direct effects of nutrients on immune cell function. Diet may also affect the composition and function of gut microbiota, which consequently affects immunity. In animal models of inflammatory disease, diet may modulate inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and in other peripheral sites. Despit...
Metabolic Influences of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Frontiers in Physiology, 2021
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic medical disorders characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation. While the etiology of IBD is still unknown, the pathogenesis of the disease results from perturbations in both gut microbiota and the host immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBD is characterized by depleted diversity, reduced abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and enriched proinflammatory microbes such as adherent/invasiveE. coliand H2S producers. This dysbiosis may contribute to the inflammation through affecting either the immune system or a metabolic pathway. The immune responses to gut microbiota in IBD are extensively discussed. In this review, we highlight the main metabolic pathways that regulate the host-microbiota interaction. We also discuss the reported findings indicating that the microbial dysbiosis during IBD has a potential metabolic impact on colonocytes and this may underlie the disease progression. Moreover, we presen...
Inflammatory bowel disease: role of diet, microbiota, life style
Translational Research, 2012
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompassed several chronic inflammatory disorders leading to damage of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The 2 principal forms of these disorders are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). Bacteria are involved in the etiology of IBD, and the genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors can affect the individual's predisposition to IBD. The review discusses the potential role of environmental factors such as diet and microbiota as well as genetics in the etiology of IBD. It is suggested that microbial ecosystem in the human bowel colonizing the gut in many different microhabitats can be influence by diet, leading to formation of metabolic processes that are essential form the bowel metabolism.
Dietary Composition and Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Nutrients
Dramatic changes in the environment and human lifestyle have been associated with the rise of various chronic complex diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A dysbiotic gut microbiota has been proposed as a crucial pathogenic element, contributing to immune imbalances and fostering a proinflammatory milieu, which may be associated with disease relapses or even the initiation of IBD. In addition to representing important regulators of the mucosal immunity and the composition of the gut microbiota, food components have been shown to be potential environmental triggers of epigenetic modifications. In the context of chronic intestinal inflammation, dietary habits and specific food components have been implicated as important modulators of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, which may predispose a person to the increased risk of the initiation and evolution of IBD. This review provides novel insights about how dietary factors may interact with the intestinal mu...
Microorganisms
The gut microbiota, which represent a community of different microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, are crucial to preserving human health by participating in various physiological functions and acting as a metabolic organ. In physiological conditions, microbiota–host partnership exerts homeostatic stability; however, changes in intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and its two main disease entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The incidence and prevalence of these inflammatory conditions have increased rapidly in the last decade, becoming a significant problem for the healthcare system and a true challenge in finding novel therapeutic solutions. The issue is that, despite numerous studies, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely clear. Based on current knowledge, chronic intestinal inflammation occurs due to altered intestinal microbiota and environmenta...
Microbiota and its relationship with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An overview
Microbial Biosystems
The human body's microbiome is essential for immunity and fighting off illness. Many bacteria in the intestinal system are beneficial, playing roles in immunological control and intestinal homeostasis. Understanding the contributions of "good bacteria" to these processes is, therefore, crucial. Advanced research into the microbiota and microbiotas is providing an increasingly deep understanding of the composition of the human microbiota, relationship between the microbiota and genetic susceptibility to disease, and the role of microorganisms in immune-related diseases. This review article discusses the effect of microbiota on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to understand the role that their microbiota may play in efforts to treat both types of the disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Clinical studies demonstrate that specific probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis aid can inhibit pathogenic organisms (both bacterial and viral). Overall, this review article may assist to promote public health and the prevention of future illness since dysbiosis, which is defined as a loss of diversity in the microbiota makeup of an individual, can affect acquired immunity. This review of information also emphasizes need for further research on microbiota and its association with digestive and related diseases.
Nutrition and inflammatory bowel disease
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2011
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprise a heterogeneous group of chronic diseases of unknown etiology and unclear pathogenesis. These mainly include Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Increased disease incidence and prevalence have paralleled economic and social development. Dietary changes are possible factors to explain the development of this pathology. Diet, an environmental factor amenable to significant change, appears to be a determinant factor for IBD onset. The Westernized diet, low in dietary fiber and high in refined sugar and animal fats, has been proposed as an IBD risk factor. Studies suggest various associations between diet and IBD development. For example, increased consumption of refined carbohydrates may modulate the onset of IBD. Also, the alteration of essential fatty acids (omega-6:omega 3 ratio) may affect their modulation of both innate and acquired immunity through the generation of eicosanoids, molecules of a lipid nature produced by the oxygenation of essential fatty acids. These molecules are generated from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and represent a key link between LCPUFA and inflammation. On the other hand, the consumption of functional foods such as probiotics and prebiotics may promote an optimal intestinal environment in patients with IBD. Breast feeding has also been shown to have a protective effect. Therefore, diet can be a protective factor against IBD and an adjunct therapy once the disease is established. This is an important factor that could improve quality of life of patients with these diseases.
Nutrition, IBD and Gut Microbiota: A Review
Nutrients, 2020
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process that requires lifelong treatment. The underlying causes of IBD are still unclear, as this heterogeneous disorder results from a complex interplay between genetic variability, the host immune system and environmental factors. The current knowledge recognizes diet as a risk factor for the development of IBD and attributes a substantial pathogenic role to the intestinal dysbiosis inducing an aberrant mucosal immune response in genetically predisposed individuals. This review focused on the clinical evidence available that considers the impact of some nutrients on IBD onset and the role of different diets in the management of IBD and their effects on the gut microbiota composition. The effects of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet, gluten free diet...