Pre-War Post-War Planning in the Roosevelt Administration: The Advisory Committee on Problems in Foreign Relations. (original) (raw)

Eisenhower: Decision-making and Consensus in an Unfamiliar Context

This monograph examines the process by which Dwight D. Eisenhower developed his administration's national security policy, and the lessons that it presents for planners. Eisenhower's experiences provide examples of modern design theory in action, particularly managing the interests of multiple stakeholders, building consensus, and confronting complex problems. The study begins by establishing Eisenhower's experience with planning, and provides the context for his development of national security strategy. The creation of a National Security Council, provided many of the foundational materials for Eisenhower's national security strategy. Project Solarium, a planning exercise directed by Eisenhower during the creation of his administration's national security policy, illustrates an approach to systematically design solutions to complex problems, and gain commitment from all participants.

Building up a Multilateral Strategy for the United States: Alvin Hansen, Jacob Viner, and the Council on Foreign Relations (1939–45)

American Power and Policy, 2009

Between 1943 and 1947 a new economic order was founded, which aimed at implementing multilateral trade, international monetary cooperation and economic stability supported by government intervention. This paper describes the contribution provided to this process by a group of American economists working under the auspices of the Council on Foreign Relations and in close connection with the State Department. Since 1939 the Economic and Financial Group led by Jacob Viner and Alvin H. Hansen played an important role in designing strategic choices which concerned American economic interests in the postwar world and in preparing the ground for the establishment of such multilateral agencies as the IMF, the IBRD and the ITO-GATT system. In assessing Viner's and Hansen's views and proposals, this paper shows how different and competing approaches to economic theory and policy compromised and converged in supporting this outcome.

The Role of Presidential Advisory Systems in US Foreign Policy-Making: The Case of the National Security Council and Vietnam, 1953-1961

The Journal of American History, 2002

Tämän teoksen sähköisen version on julkaissut Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura (SKS) Creative Commons-lisenssillä: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International. Lisenssiin voi tutustua englanniksi osoitteessa: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/legalcode Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura on saanut sähköisen julkaisuluvan teoksen oikeudenhaltijoilta. Mikäli olette oikeudenhaltija, jota SKS ei ole tavoittanut, pyydämme teitä ystävällisesti ottamaan yhteyttä SKS:aan. The Foreign Policy Process US foreign policy could be divided into international security matters, economic affairs, international organizations and law, its social and scientific dimensions, and its management. The military aspects of foreign policy and arms control and disarmament make up international security. Foreign economic policy and economic (development) assistance are included in economic affairs, and international organization refers mainly to the United Nations (UN), while the social and scientific sectors comprise educational, cultural and social affairs, scientific and technological relations, informational activities and volunteer organizations. The conduct of diplomacy and the allocation of resources make up management. 1 The American foreign policy decision-making process was, and still is, continuous. As the Chief Executive the President is the main choice-and decisionmaker. Thus, a lot depends on his personal qualities. Koenig reminds us that a "President's non-decisions" may well be of the same order of importance as the actual decisions. "Presidential decision-making", Koenig argues, "is both an intellectual endeavor and an organizational enterprise". 2 Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was in many ways an exceptional President and he usually ranks rather high among all of the US Chief Executives.