Cytomorphological patterns of cervical Papanicolaou smear abnormalities based on 2014 Bethesda System in North Karnataka region (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases every year. Cancer cervix is the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Almost 70% of the global burden of cervical cancer is in areas with lower levels of development, and more than one fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Cervical cytology by papanicolaou (PAP) smear test is an effective tool for detecting abnormal cytology in early stages, thus allowing early detection and treatment. The PAP smear is extremely important for detecting premalignant and malignant conditions of cervix. The study was conducted to determine; (1) Cytomorphologic incidence of various lesions of uterine cervix; (2) Categorization of detected lesions according to Bethesda system; (3) Determination of epithelial abnormalities by cervical cytology. Methods: The settings and design of this study is a hospital based prospective study from a tertiary care centre in Central India. A total of 5813 conventional pap smear tests collected from January 2010 and December 2014 were analyzed. All patients attending outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology for complaints of abnormal cervical discharge, dyspareunia, inter-menstrual bleeding, post-coital bleeding and lower abdominal pain were included. Various cervical pap screening camps were also done during this period. Smears were fixed and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and papanicolaou stain were done. Results: The overall frequency of normal, inadequate, inflammatory, and abnormal smears was 11.86%, 5.73%, 74.98% and 13.2% respectively. Atypical squamous cell carcinoma of undermined significance (ASCUS) was seen in 3.61%, squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) was seen in 5.36%, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was seen in 2.59% while high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was seen in 2.77%. Invasive carcinoma was seen in 3.69%. The premalignant epithelial abnormalities like ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL were found to be highest in the age group of 31-50 years in our study, which correlated well with other similar studies. Conclusions: Hence we should advocate regular cervical cytology (PAP) smear study, which can help to treat cervix lesions early before the progress into cervical cancer. Early detection is the only key to saving a woman's life as the later the abnormalities are discovered; mortality, morbidity and treatment cost all increase.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.1\_Jan2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.04.html, 2018
Background: Cancer cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nepal. It can be prevented if it is diagnosed in early stage. The aim of this study was to analyze cytological findings of cervical papanicolaou (pap) smear. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital during one year period from 13 April 2016 to 12 April 2017. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system in conventional cervical Pap smear. All the cases were reviewed by all the pathologist of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Result: Total cases were 240 in one year period in which 225 cases (93%) were satisfactory for evaluation and 15 cases (6.25%) were unsatisfactory for evaluation which is due to thick neutrophilic exudates, mucous, degenerative cells and hemorrhage. Most common age group in this study was (31-40years) 97cases (40.4%). Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 219 cases (91.2%) and only 6cases (2.5%) showed abnormality in squamous cells comprising atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] (n=3, 1.24%), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL] (n=2,0.83%) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL] (n=1, 0.4%). Conclusion: Simple screening test like cervical papanicolaou smear (Pap) can detect the abnormality of epithelial lining of cervix.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
According to WHO (world health organisation), Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. 1 Global report published by WHO in 2014, shows that around 2,66,000 women died from cancer of cervix in the year 2012. 2 Therefore this cancer is taking a toll on the health of women worldwide. Among the South-Asian countries, India has the highest age standardization incidence of cervical cancer at 22, compared to 19.2 in Bangladesh, 13 in Sri lanka and 2.8 in Iran. So it is very important to understand the epidemiological pattern and diagnose cervical cancers at an early stage. 3 Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of pre-cancerous, cancerous and benign lesions of cervix. 4 It is a sensitive test for early screening of cervical lesions and most
Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide after breast cancer, and in developing countries, the leading cause of death by cancer. It is one of the most preventable and curable of all cancers. Most women are never undergoi ng a cervical Pap smear screening. The Objective is to study the role of Pap smear in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions as well as nonneoplastic lesions of cervix and to determine the prevalence of various lesions. Methods: This retrospective study of 500 women with age group 18 to 90 years was carried out over a 2 years at cytology section of pathology department, M.P.Shah medical college, Jamnagar. This study had been divided into 2 groups. Group I included study o f 400 women who attended gynaecological clinic at GGH hospital Jamnagar and Group II included study of 100 women who attended Pap smear screening camp at Air force hospital, Jamnagar. Pap smears were prepared and after fixation and staining, each smear was carefully examined. Results: In this study, Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was the most common with 62 cases (12.4%) followed by High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 25 cases (5%), then atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance 14 cases (2.8%), Squamous cell carcinoma 12 cases (2.4%), AGCUS 6 cases (1.2%), AGCUS probably neoplastic origin 1 case (0.2%) and other rare tumors-1(0.2%) case of granulosa cell tumor and 1 case(0.2%) of clear cell carcinoma were seen. The average age of women for all the epithelial abnormalities was 49 years. Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, cheap, safe and practical diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer in high risk group population, so it should be established as a routine screening procedure. It also has a greater role in diagnosis of inflammatory lesions including the identification of causative organism, atrophic changes, changes of radiation therapy and some rare tumors. It i s recommended that at least a single life-time pap screening cytology of uterine cervix of all the women aged 40 to 50 years.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. In India it is the second most common cancer after breast carcinoma. PAP smear is the best screening method to reveal spectrum of lesions in cervix ranging from inflammatory to the neoplastic process. Because of easy accessibility of cervix, cervical screening is helpful for ready diagnosis of 90 % to 96 % cytological abnormalities even in the pre-invasive stage. We wanted to evaluate the importance of PAP smear examination as a preliminary method accommodating histopathology and assess the spectrum of lesions. METHODS The study was done to identify the target age groups for the early detection of cancerous cervix by PAP smear examination. The study was done on patients who attended government general hospital (GGH), Ongole, from January 2018 to December 2019. Lesions were categorized based on 2014 Bethesda system as negative intraepithelial lesion for malignancy (NILM) / Inflammatory, benign, premalignant, and ma...
Cytopathological pattern of cervical pap smears -a study among population of North Malabar in Kerala
2016
Background: India, the second most populous country in the world accounts for about 25% of cervical cancer deaths. Only limited studies are available on the prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in various populations in India, especially in North Kerala. We have undertaken the present study, with the intention to estimate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology smears in this region so that appropriate screening strategies can be planned. Methods & Materials: A one year retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Pathology of a private medical college to evaluate all the pap smears reported during September 2012 to August, 2013. Smears were assessed according to the revised 2001 Bethesda system. A total of 2028 cases were analyzed. Prevalence of epithelial abnormalities was calculated in percentages. Results: Out of total 2028 patients, 49 (2.41%) cases revealed epithelial abnormalities. The most frequent epithelial cell abnormality was Low grade Squamous Intra epithelial Lesion (32 cases, 1.58%). Nearly half of the patients with abnormal pap smears presented with a normal looking cervix. Epithelial abnormality was more prevalent in post-menopausal age group. Conclusion: Our hospital based study shows a relatively low prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormality which is similar to that seen in the developed world. Every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear even with a normal looking cervix and this must be continued in post-menopausal period, as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
Background: Cervical screening through conventional cervical cytology is most commonly used throughout the world. The Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and in developing countries, the leading cause of death. It is one of the most preventable and curable of all cancers. Objective: To Study the role of Pap smear in detecting neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of cervix and to determine the occurrence of various lesions in remote area of Bagalkot. Methods: This is prospective study of 240 women with age group 20 to 60 years was carried out from. Pap smears were prepared, fixed, stained and carefully examined. Results: In this study, Reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation was the most common with 182 cases (75.8%) followed by Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) with 11 cases (4.5%), then atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance 8 cases (3.3%), High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 5 cases (2.1%), Atrophy with 3 cases (1.3%) and Atypical Glandular Cell in 3 cases (1.3%). The average age of women for all the epithelial abnormalities was 40 years. Conclusion: This study will increase awareness of the Pap test and cervical cancer, thereby paving a way for the prevention of cervical cancer.
Study of abnormal cervical cytology in papanicolaou smears in a tertiary care center
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2016
Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India most probably due to lack of proper screening facilities in the rural and suburban areas or due to the lack of awareness amongst the women of developing countries. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. Developing countries accounted to about 80% of the global burden. This study was conducted to highlight the importance of Pap smear study in differentiating premalignant and malignant lesions. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among 1000 cervical pap smears of women with age group 20 to 75 years coming to the cytology section of pathology department, L.N. Medical College and Research centre, Bhopal, India between the time periods of 1 st January 2015 to 31 st December 2015. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system. Results: In this study, maximum cases were of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy 754 cases (75.4%) followed by low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with 74 cases (7.4%) (followed by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with 12 cases (1.2%) then atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance 12 cases (1.2%) and minimum number of carcinoma cases 08 (0.8%-including 0.6% of squamous cell carcinoma and 0.2% of adenocarcinoma). Conclusions: Cervical cytology by Pap smear is an important tool for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Regular Pap smear screening should be conducted in vulnerable age group.
Journal of Pathology of Nepal
Background: Conventional Cervical Cytology is the most widely used cervical cancer screening test. The incidence of cervical carcinoma is incredibly high in developing countries due to lack of proper knowledge. The extensive use of cervical screening with Papanicolau smears had considerably increased the detection of precancerous and cancerous lesion of uterine cervix. Study was conducted to evaluate cytohistological correlation and to calculate concordance and discordance of Pap smear in detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 samples reported in Pap smear as cervical intraepithelial lesions and suspicious for invasive malignancies were selected and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings. It was an observational study done for a period of 18 months from November 2016 to May 2018 at UCMS-TH. All the statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: During the study period 54 cases were...
Analysis of abnormal epithelial lesions in cervical Pap smears in Mid-Western Nepal
Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 2011
Background: Like in other developing countries, cancer of cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women in Nepal. Most women never undergo a cervical Pap smear screening. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 880 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology, Chitwan Medical College in Chitwan, Nepal. The time period was from June 2009 to November 2010. Results: In this study, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the most common with 6 cases (40%), followed by Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion with 3 cases (20%), then Atypical Squamous Epithelial Cells of Undetermined Significance, and atypical Glandular Cells and Squamous cell carcinoma with 2 cases each (13.3%). Eighty per cent of all the abnormal epithelial lesions were found in women above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: At least one Pap screening test of ...