Influence of Loading Orientation and Knitted Versus Woven Transversal Connections in 3D Textile Reinforced Cement (TRC) Composites (original) (raw)
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Experimental study and benchmarking of 3D textile reinforced cement composites
Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019
Textile Reinforced Cement composites (TRC) have become a key research topic when it comes to lightweight alternative construction materials for traditional concrete industry. While most of the research performed on TRC combines a cementitious matrix material with 2D fibre textiles, this paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of TRC reinforced with 3D fibre textiles. The main goal is to investigate the influence of the transversal fibre that is connecting the fibre layers and is typical for 3D textiles, on the tensile and flexural properties of the TRC. Therefore two fibre textile architectures were compared, firstly an unaltered 3D fibre textile and secondly a tensile-equivalent 2D fibre textile with equal in-plane textile reinforcement. An experimental campaign in tension and bending was performed on four different TRC layups. When comparing the bending behaviour of the unaltered 3D-TRCs with the 2D alternatives, an increase in stiffness in the post-cracking stage was observed, while no influence was observed in tension. The experimental results were also compared with numerical predictions of the 2D-TRCs to put in evidence the influence of the 3D architecture.
Experimental Investigation and Benchmarking of 3D Textile Reinforced Cementitious Composites
2017
The last couple of years, the importance and potential of textile reinforced cementitious composites (TRC’s) has been investigated and proven in literature. The research has mainly been performed on thin-layered specimens made of individual fibre textile layers impregnated by a matrix. The drawback of this manufacturing technique however is the time-consuming process. A solution is the transition towards a three dimensional, rigid fibre textile, fully immersed in the matrix, which would drastically decrease the production time and thus improve the market uptake of these materials.
Journal of Composites Science
Textile-reinforced cement (TRC) composites can lead to significant material (and dimensional) savings compared to steel-reinforced concrete, particularly when applied in thin-walled structures such as façade panels, shells, etc. In conditions where the geometrical restrictions do not allow for sufficient anchorage, however, the exploitation of this reinforcement may be suboptimal and the TRC’s mechanical properties may decrease. As shown in the literature, the use of 3D textile reinforcement can lead to an improved anchorage in the reinforcement points and superior post-cracking behavior in terms of bending. The question remains as to whether similar improvements can be achieved using 3D spacer connections, inserted post-manufacturing of the textiles. Therefore, this research experimentally investigated the effect of discretely inserted spacer connections on the flexural properties and cracking behavior of TRCs. Six different TRC beam configurations—varying in the placement of the s...
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF 3D TEXTILES REINFORCED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES PLATES
This paper presents the flexural behavior of plate specimens (with dimension 500×500×40 mm) containing 3D glass fabric having three different thicknesses 6, 10 and 15mm with different number of layers and orientation. For comparison plates with one and two layers of chicken wires as well as plates with micro steel fiber of 0.75% volume fraction were casted. All plate specimens were cast with cement mortar having 61.2MPa cube compressive strength at 28 days and tested under flexural. From the test, it was observed that the load carrying capacities are higher in the case of plates with 3D glass fabric and showed a gradual increase in toughness beyond the ultimate load as compared with non-fibrous plates. The flexural strength was increased significantly the fiber thickness and number of fibers layers was increased. Based on the results a significant increase was indicated with micro steel fiber.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
The aim of this study is to experimentally determine how the weave architecture and yarn crimp affect the measured tensile stiffness and strength of composites containing 3D textile reinforcement. It is shown that both the stiffness and strength decrease nonlinearly with increasing 3D crimp. The ultimate strength of specimens containing nominally straight yarns and specimens containing crimped yarns can differ more than a factor of 3, and the stress causing onset of damage can be affected even more. Adding nominally straight stuffer yarns into a 3D-woven reinforcement significantly increases the fibre volume fraction, the stiffness, and the strength of the composite. However, since the stuffer yarns are virtually straight and thus stiffer than the warp yarns, they attract the load and reach their strength at relatively lower strain than the warp yarns. The reinforcement architecture varies between the surfaces and the interior of the studied textiles, which has corresponding influen...
Tensile strength of 3D textiles reinforced cementitious composites plates
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
Tensile plate specimens with dimension of 450×100×40mm were cast with 3D glass fabric having three different thicknesses 6, 10 and 15mm to measure their tensile strength. Plates with one and two layers of chicken wires, as well as micro steel fiber of 0.75% volume fraction were tested under tensile for comparison with references plates. Cement mortar with 61.2MPa cube compressive strength at 28 days was designed for casing the plates. The results indicated that after cracking of the mortar the textile reinforcement adds a strain hardening trajectory, that cause failure to occurs at slightly higher load and a higher strain. The improvement in tensile strength at 28 days ranged between 5 to 30%, and for 90 days between 5 to 60% for the three types of fibres used. Based on the results a significant increase was indicated with micro steel fiber.
Fabric structure and its reinforcing efficiency in textile reinforced cement composites
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003
In polymer matrices reinforced with fabrics, the effectiveness of the reinforcement is reduced when the yarns do not maintain a straight geometry. In cement composites, this concept may not be adequate since the nature of the interaction between the cement matrix and the fabric and its individual yarns is more complex, as concluded from pullout tests. The present paper discusses the bulk properties and geometrical characteristics of textile fabrics that need to be considered in order to predict the performance of cement composites reinforced with textile fabrics. It was found that the geometry of a given fabric could enhance the bonding and enable one to obtain strain hardening behavior from low modulus yarn fabrics, due to the special shape of the yarn induced by the fabric. On the other hand, variations of the geometry in a fabric could drastically reduce the efficiency, resulting in a lower strengthening effect of the yarns in the fabric, relative to single yarns not in a fabric form. Therefore, in cement composites the fabrics cannot be viewed simply as a means for holding together continuous yarns to be readily placed in the matrix, as is the case in composites with polymer matrix.
Tensile behavior of textile: Influence of multilayer reinforcement
2012
The interest in the use of textile fabrics as reinforcement for cement based composite materials has been increasing in the last few years. Textile cementitious composites show improved tensile performances; as a matter of fact in addiction to a considerable peak strength, these composites show a strain hardening behaviour even when the reinforcing yarns have a low modulus of elasticity. This was explained by the enhancement in bonding due to the mechanical anchoring provided by the non-linear geometry of the individual yarn within the fabric.
Proceedings
A fast adoption of innovative composite materials such as textile reinforced concrete (TRC) in practice is hindered by the lack of efficient and standardized characterization and design procedures. In this paper, we discuss results of uniaxial tensile tests and double sided pullout tests. The analysis of the tests is done with a modelling framework for tensile behavior developed at IMB RWTH Aachen. The overall goal is to simulate the tensile response of composite specimen based on the reinforcement and matrix characteristics. Thus, the need for cost-intensive composite tensile tests could be reduced, which facilitates the material development and adoption of TRC in engineering practice.