How well do waist circumference and body mass index reflect body composition in pre-pubertal children&quest (original) (raw)
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PloS one, 2018
The growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in low- or middle-income countries precipitates the need to examine early life predictors of adiposity. To examine growth trajectories from birth, and associations with adult body composition in the Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort, Soweto, South Africa. Complete data at year 22 was available for 1088 participants (536 males and 537 females). Conditional weight and height indices were generated indicative of relative rate of growth between years 0-2, 2-5, 5-8, 8-18, and 18-22. Whole body composition was measured at year 22 (range 21-25 years) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total fat free soft tissue mass (FFSTM), fat mass, and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were recorded. Birth weight was positively associated with FFSTM and fat mass at year 22 (β = 0.11, p<0.01 and β = 0.10, p<0.01 respectively). Relative weight gain from birth to year 22 was positively associated with FF...
Estimating waist circumference from BMI in South African children
Scientific Research and Essays, 2011
Waist circumference (WC) is proposed as a better marker in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children than body mass index (BMI). As important as this anthropometric index may appear, it is not as commonly measured in schools as BMI. Thus unlike BMI, data on WC are scarce. Therefore, we investigated whether there is an alternative way to estimate WC even in those children whose WC measurement has not been taken. We evaluated the relationship between BMI and the WC of 1136 schoolchildren (548 boys; 588 girls) aged 9 to 13 years, attending public primary schools in Pretoria Municipality, South Africa. The measurements were taken using the protocol of International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Significant linear relationship between BMI and WC were observed in each age-and sex-stratified groups [(9-year-old boys: waist = 0.17 + 3.03 BMI (r = 0.65, p < 0.001); 9-year-old girls: waist = 26.24 + 1.73 BMI (r = 0.95, p < 0.001); 10-year-old boys: waist = 19.64 + 2.21 BMI (r = 0.90, p < 0.001); 10-year-old girls: waist = 18.36 + 2.13 BMI (r = 0.81, p < 0.001); 11-year-old boys: waist = 25.88 + 1.89 BMI (r = 0.78, p < 0.001); 11-year-old girls: waist = 23.08 + 1.97 BMI (r = 0.94, p < 0.001); 12-year-old boys: waist = 27.50 + 1.80 BMI (r = 0.72, p < 0.001); 12-year-old girls: waist = 26.26 + 1.92 BMI (r = 0.91, p < 0.001); 13-year-old boys: waist = 25.46 + 2.05 BMI (r = 0.91, p < 0.001); 13-year-old girls: waist = 24.59 + 1.96 BMI (r = 0.84, p < 0.001)]. The result indicates the possibility of estimating WC from stature and body mass, at least among South Africa children. WC could be used as an alternative way of screening childhood metabolic syndrome or obesity in which waist circumference is essential.
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 2009
The purpose of this observational prospective cohort study was to investigate the development and tracking of body mass index (BMI) of Ellisras rural children from preschool age into late adolescence from the Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. Heights and weights of children were measured according to the standard procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry twice a year from 1996 to 2003. In total, 2,225 children-550 preschool and 1,675 primary school-aged 3-10 years (birth cohorts 1993 to 1986) were enrolled at baseline in 1996 and followed through out the eight-year periodic surveys. In 2003, 1,771 children-489 preschool and 1,282 primary school-were still in the study. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among girls (range 1.6-15.5%) compared to boys (range 0.3-4.9%) from age 9.1 years to 14.9 years. The prevalence of thinness (severe, moderate, and mild) ranged from 7.1% to 53.7% for preschool children and from 8.0% to 47.6% for primary school children. Both preschool and primary school children showed a significant association between the first measurements of BMI and the subsequent measurement which ranged from B=0.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.4) to B=0.8 (95% CI 0.6-0.9) for preschool and B=0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.3) to B=0.7 (95% CI 0.6-0.8) for primary children. A significant tracking of BMI during 4-12 years of life was more consistent for preschool children (B=0.6 (95% CI 0.6-0.7) and for primary school children (B=0.6 (95%CI 0.5-0.6). Investigation of nutritional intake and physical activity patterns will shed light on how healthy these children are and their lifestyle.
American Journal of Human Biology, 2014
Objectives: The obesity epidemic is impacting both developed and undeveloped countries worldwide. It has only been recently that wide scale public campaigning has focused on prevention rather than intervention. Individual variations in food metabolism and energy expenditure may be responsible for much of the adiposity present amongst individuals. This article studies individual variation in relationship between lean trunk size and adiposity.
2020
Background: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether BMI and fat percentage classification criteria, would classify a sample in similar criteria’s. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling included 602 rural boys (7–13 years old). Fat percentage criteria classification and BMI was measured Maturity, age and peak height velocity (PHV) were indirectly determined. Statistical techniques included descriptive, Pearson product correlation, the Kappa agreement test and the McNemar’s test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: All age groups presented statistically significant high correlations between BMI and fat percentage, and low to medium correlations between fat percentage and maturity age (MA). Measurement of agreement between BMI and fat percentage classifications showed poor to fair agreements for all age groups, with the exception of the eight-year old group which presented a moderate agreement. Conclusion: Classificat...
BMC Pediatrics, 2020
Background The aim of this paper was to investigate whether BMI and fat percentage classification criteria, would classify a sample of 7–13 year old boys from a rural background in similar nutritional categories. Methods A cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling included 601 rural boys (7–13 years old). Fat percentage criteria classification and BMI were calculated and compared. Maturity status, and age at peak height velocity (PHV) were indirectly determined. Statistical techniques included descriptive statistics, Pearson product correlation coefficients, the Kappa agreement test and the McNemar’s test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results All age groups presented with statistically significant high correlations between BMI and fat percentage, and low to medium correlations between fat percentage and maturity age (MA). Measurement of agreement between BMI and fat percentage classifications showed poor to fair agreements for all age grou...
Socio-economic status and body composition outcomes in urban South African children
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2008
Objective To determine which aspects of socio-economic status (SES) measured at birth and 9/10 years are associated with body composition at ages 9/10 years. Design Mixed longitudinal cohort Setting Johannesburg-Soweto South Africa Participants A sub-sample of the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) cohort (n=281) with data on birthweight, height, weight, fat and lean tissue (whole body DXA), and birth and 9/10 years SES measures. Main Outcome Measures Linear regression was used to estimate the influence of birth and ages 9/10 years SES measures on three outcomes; fat mass index (FMI) (Fat Mass (Kg)/height(m) 4 ), lean mass index (LMI) (lean mass (Kg)/height(m) 2 ), and BMI at ages 9/10 years controlling for sex, age, birthweight and pubertal status. Results Compared to the lowest SES tertile, being in the highest birth SES tertile was associated with increased LMI at 9/10 years (β = 0.43, SE = 0.21 for White and Black children and β = 0.50, SE = 0.23 for Black children only), whereas children in the high SES tertile at 9/10 years had increased FMI (β = 0.46, SE = 0.22 for White and Black children and β = 0.65, SE = 0.23 for Black children only). SES at birth and 9/10 years accounted for 8 and 6% of the variance in FMI and BMI respectively (Black children). Conclusions These findings underline the importance of examining SES across childhood ages when assessing nutrition inequalities. Results emphasise the need to consider lean and fat mass as well as BMI when studying SES andbody composition in children.
Nutrition, 2004
OBJECTIVE: We examined differences in body composition between stunted and non-stunted girls, with adjustments for confounding factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 478 African school girls, ages 10 to 15 y, in the North West Province, South Africa. Height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and waist and mid upper arm circumferences were measured by trained biokineticists using standard methods. Trained fieldworkers measured dietary intakes by 24-h recall, and physical activity was measured by using the physical activity recall of the previous day. Body mass index and physical activity category were calculated. RESULTS: Stunted girls had significantly lower weight and skinfold thicknesses than did non-stunted ones. After including the covariates: age, years since menarche, school, type of housing, dietary energy and fat intakes, physical activity category, body weight, and stratum of urbanization in analysis of variance, the mean sum of triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold thicknesses of stunted girls was greater than that of the non-stunted girls (P Ͻ 0.002). Stunted subjects were less active than non-stunted ones. CONCLUSION: This manifestation of relatively more subcutaneous fat and greater waist circumference in stunted girls may be involved in the development of obesity among black women in South Africa.
The Journal of nutrition, 2016
Height and adiposity track over childhood, but few studies, to our knowledge, have longitudinally examined the mediating relation of the timing and progression of puberty. We assessed interrelations between prepubertal height and body mass index, the progression through puberty, and young adult height and adiposity. We analyzed data from the Birth to Twenty Plus study (females, n = 823; males, n = 765). Serial measures of anthropometry and pubertal development were obtained between ages 9 and 16 y. We used latent class growth analysis to categorize pubertal development with respect to pubic hair (females and males), breasts (females), and genitalia (males) development. Adult height and weight were obtained at ages 18 to 20 y. Among females, higher latent class (earlier initiation and faster progression through puberty) was associated with an increased risk of obesity [pubic hair class 3 compared with class 1: RR, 3.41 (95% CI: 1.57, 7.44)] and inconsistent associations with height. ...