Material Parameters Identification: An Inverse Modeling Methodology Applicable For Thermoplastic Materials (original) (raw)
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Coupled Thermo Mechanical Characterisation of Polymers Based on Inverse Analyses and IR Measurements
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2011
Heat dissipation during mechanical testing can disturb experimental characterisation of polymers. In this work it is demonstrated that these effects are not limited to extreme loading conditions such as impacts. A visco-hyperelastic, visco-plastic constitutive model is proposed that accounts for thermo mechanical coupling in a fully 3D thermodynamics approach. Strain-rate and temperature dependencies are coupled using a concept close to the well known time-temperature superposition principle. Constitutive and coupling parameters are identified at the same time using an inverse analysis protocol. An experimental data base is generated for mechanical measurements at different temperatures and strain rates but also for temperatures during tests measured using IR technology. Such a protocol allows investigation on the strain-rate sensitivity in a much more relevant manner than classical one and the value of the so-called Taylor-Quinney coupling parameter is discussed.
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2015
Polymer materials are well known to be sensitive to strain rate and temperature. Self-heating and friction effects also play an important role in the mechanical response of these materials. Numerous constitutive laws and phenomenological models have been developed to take into account these dependencies. This article proposes a simplified phenomenological model based on a mapping technique for the strain rate and temperature dependence. The effects of friction and adiabatic heating are also analyzed in this work. Relatively good results are obtained compared to experimental results for polypropylene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. A parametric investigation of the effects of the interfacial equivalent stress (between the specimen and the compressive bars) and the fraction of plastic work converted into heat was performed. This parametric study allowed for a good approximation of these two parameters for the two studied polymers.
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2010
The need to model fracture in crashworthiness by means of finite element codes is a real challenge for research. Before implementing fracture criteria, an excellent knowledge of the stress and strain states in the material just before the crack appearance is the first condition necessary to ensure the model development. At present, most of the material behaviour laws, for example for steel, are only defined until the maximum force when necking occurs. For polymers, the early occurrence of the diffuse necking leads to an experimental technique in which the speed loading is controlled in real time to maintain a constant strain rate during the test. This technique is not however used, due to technical limitations, for high strain rate behaviour laws. In this paper, the authors propose to use the heterogeneity of the displacement field on the surface of the tensile specimen as an initial condition to identify behaviour laws. The method developed uses the information in all the surface zone of the specimen by using digital image correlation. Stresses, strains and strain rates are then obtained to build a surface behaviour called the SEĖ surface. By cutting it, the experimental behaviour laws for a range of large strains and strain rates are then defined for model identification.
Determination of Tensile Properties of Polymers at High Strain Rates
The European Physical Journal Conferences
In the field of high rate testing of polymers the measured properties are highly dependent on the applied methodology. Hence, the test setup as whole but in particular also the geometrical type of specimen plays a decisive role. The widely used standard for the determination of tensile properties of polymers (ISO527-2) was extended by a novel standard (ISO18872:2007), which is targeted on the determination of tensile properties at high strain rates. In this standard also a novel specimen shape is proposed. Hand in hand with the introduction of new specimen geometry the question of comparability arises. To point out the differences in stress-strain response of the ISO18872 specimen and the ISO527-2 multipurpose specimen tensile tests over a wide loading rate range were conducted in this paper. A digital image correlation system in combination with a high speed camera was used to characterize the local material behaviour. Different parameters like nominal stress, true stress, nominal strain, true strain as well as volumetric strain were determined and used to compare the two specimen geometries.
High strain rate characterization of polymers
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017
This paper reviews the literature on the response of polymers to high strain rate deformation. The main focus is on the experimental techniques used to characterize this response. The paper includes a small number of examples as well as references to experimental data over a wide range of rates, which illustrate the key features of rate dependence in these materials; however this is by no means an exhaustive list. The aim of the paper is to give the reader unfamiliar with the subject an overview of the techniques available with sufficient references from which further information can be obtained. In addition to the 'well established' techniques of the Hopkinson bar, Taylor Impact and Transverse impact, a discussion of the use of time-temperature superposition in interpreting and experimentally replicating high rate response is given, as is a description of new techniques in which mechanical parameters are derived by directly measuring wave propagation in specimens; these are particularly appropriate for polymers with low wave speeds. The vast topic of constitutive modelling is deliberately excluded from this review.
CONSTITUTIVE MODELLING AND PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION FOR RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS
The aim of the paper is to determine the phenomenological model to characterize the stress-strain relation and to simulate the behaviour of solid polyurethane (PUR) rubbers used in civil engineering, as well as to present the process of identification of model parameters for such materials. For the material studied the strain energy density function was established and a general constitutive relationship for the second-order tensor of Piola-Kirchhoff stress for elasticity is determined. Constitutive relationships for engineering stress in terms of the principal stretches are also specified. The paper presents the method of identification of parameters for constitutive models of hyperelasticity and hypoelasticity for the accessible experimental data. The applied identification procedure is based on the feature of two-phase structure of polyurethane material and is supported by the experimental data from uniaxial quasi-static tension and compression tests. In the analysis, the material behaviour was considered both for the case of incompressible deformation and also for the case of slightly compressible, nonlinearly elastic materials that are homogeneous and isotropic. The change of volume was admitted too, in range of large deformations in a tension and compression test. The attempt of description of stress-softening phenomenon was undertaken in rubber-like materials, for a given level of strain, under unloading (the Mullins effect) caused by the damage of microstructure of this material. Different descriptions of the stress-softening phenomenon were already proposed in the literature but they fail to give fully satisfactory conformity of experimental data with theoretical predictions. The phenomenological model by Elias-Zúñiga and Beatty, A new phenomenological model for stress-softening in elastomers, ZAMP, 53, 794-814, 2002, for such materials was modified by different softening functions and a simplified version of this model was identified, based on the experimental data. In the proposed model, the damage of microstructure was described by a new exponential function, which depends on the current magnitude of intensity of strain and its earlier maximum value during the process of material loading. In this paper, a suitable analysis of existent models and their verification based on experimental data for polyurethane rubber is presented for uniaxial experiments. It is shown that the magnitude of stress-softening varies with strain and this phenomenon increases with the magnitude of the pre-strain and the type of loading: monotonic tension, compression or cyclic loading. The obtained results are presented graphically for uniaxial tension and compression.
Probabilistic estimation of the constitutive parameters of polymers
2012
The Mulliken-Boyce constitutive model predicts the dynamic response of crystalline polymers as a function of strain rate and temperature. This paper describes the Mulliken-Boyce model-based estimation of the constitutive parameters in a Bayesian probabilistic framework. Experimental data from dynamic mechanical analysis and dynamic compression of PVC samples over a wide range of strain rates are analyzed. Both experimental uncertainty and natural variations in the material properties are simultaneously considered as independent and joint distributions; the posterior probability distributions are shown and compared with prior estimates of the material constitutive parameters. Additionally, particular statistical distributions are shown to be effective at capturing the rate and temperature dependence of internal phase transitions in DMA data.
Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2008
This paper details a methodology to test the mechanical response of soft, pressure sensitive materials, over a wide range of strain rates. A hybrid experimental-numerical procedure is used to assess the constitutive parameters. The experimental phase involves axial compression of a cylindrical specimen which is confined by a tightly-fit sleeve that is allowed to yield plastically, thus applying a constant confining pressure. The usually neglected frictional effects between the specimen and the sleeve are fully accounted for and characterized in detail. With commercial polycarbonate as a typical example, it is shown that pressure-sensitivity and rate-sensitivity are not coupled, thus reducing the number of tests needed to characterize a material. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the pressure sensitivity index (angle β in the Drucker-Prager material model) has little influence on the hydrostatic and confining pressures, whereas the equivalent stress sustained by the specimen increases with β, which for commercial polycarbonate is found to be 0 15 β = .